Labor resources - a part of the country's population , which is capable of engaging in socially useful activities in terms of physical development, acquired education, and vocational qualification level.
Labor resources - that part of the population with physical development and intellectual (mental) abilities necessary for labor activity. The labor force includes both employed and potential employees.
The concept of “labor resources” was formulated in one of his articles by academician Stanislav Strumilin in 1922. In foreign literature, the term “human resources” corresponds to this concept.
In quantitative terms, the labor force includes the entire able-bodied population , employed, regardless of age, in the areas of social economy and individual labor activity. They also include people of working age who are potentially capable of participating in labor, but who are employed in household and personal peasant farming, in studies with a separation from production, in military service.
In the structure of labor resources, from the position of their participation in social production, two parts are distinguished: active (functioning) and passive (potential).
The size of labor resources depends on the officially established age limits - the upper and lower levels of working age, the share of able-bodied people among the working-age population, and the number of people outside working age who participate in social work. Age limits are set in each country by applicable law.
In modern conditions, the main sources of replenishment of labor resources are: youth entering a working age; military personnel released from the armed forces in connection with a reduction in the size of the army; internally displaced persons from the Baltic countries, Transcaucasia, Central Asia. Quantitative changes in the number of labor resources are characterized by such indicators as absolute growth, growth rates and growth rates.
Absolute growth is determined at the beginning and end of the period under review. Usually this is a year or a longer period of time.
The growth rate is calculated as the ratio of the absolute number of labor resources at the end of a given period to their value at the beginning of a period.
A quantitative assessment of trends in the state and use of labor resources allows you to take into account and determine directions for increasing their effectiveness.
Labor resources have certain quantitative, qualitative and structural characteristics, which are measured by absolute and relative indicators, namely: - average and average number of employees; - staff turnover rate; - the proportion of workers with higher and secondary specialized education in their total number; - average work experience in certain categories of workers; - the share of workers of certain categories in their total number.
The average number of employees for a year is determined by summing the average number of employees for all months and dividing the amount received by 12. The average number of employees for a month is calculated by summing the number of employees on a monthly basis for each calendar day of the month and dividing the amount received by the number of days.
The average annual number of employees is determined by dividing the time worked (person / h, person / day) by the farm employees for the year by the annual labor time fund. One of the main qualitative indicators of labor resources is their gender and age structure. The literature uses slightly different approaches to the allocation of age groups. So, the most commonly used qualifications are: labor resources at working age, as well as younger and older than working age. In statistical collections, a two-group classification is often used: of working age and older than working age. Sometimes a more detailed one is used, for example, a ten-level scale: 16-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years. 35-39 years old. 40-44 years old, 45-49 years old, 50-54 years old, 55-59 years old, 60-70 years old.
Reproduction of labor resources
The objective need to study the reproduction of labor resources is caused by a number of reasons. Labor resources represent an important factor of production, the rational use of which provides not only an increase in the level of production and its economic efficiency, but also the qualitative development of the entire social system.
The reproduction of labor resources is a process of constant and continuous renewal of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the economically active population.
Effective regulation of the processes of reproduction of labor resources will ensure the achievement of stable economic growth.
The relevance of the study of this process is due to the high degree of theoretical and practical significance of the problem of reproduction and optimal use of labor resources for the dynamic development of the country in the context of economic modernization.