The Portuguese Navy ( port. Marinha Portuguesa ) is one of the Portuguese armed forces .
| Marinha Portuguesa Portuguese Navy | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms of the Portuguese Navy | |
| A country |  Portugal |
| Subordination | Ministry of National Defense of Portugal |
| Enters into | Portuguese Armed Forces |
| Type of | Naval forces |
| Commanders | |
| Acting commander | Admiral Fernando José Ribeiro de Melu Gomish port. Admiral Fernando José Ribeiro de Melo Gomes [1] [2] |
| Site | |
Basically they include the navy, naval aviation, marines, as well as special forces and units.
Content
History
In the first half of the 20th century.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Portugal was a backward agricultural country, although it had large colonies in Africa and Asia. The basis of its navy were small armored cruisers , essentially seaworthy gunboats .
In October 1910, a revolution occurred in Portugal. King Manuel II fled to England; all ships bearing monarchical names were soon renamed.
In 1912, the Republican government adopted a large shipbuilding program, which included the purchase of three dreadnoughts (such as the Brazilian Minas Gerais), three light cruisers , submarines , destroyers and other ships for a total of 8.8 million pounds . It was impossible to execute it, and in the next year 1913 a more modest program was adopted for the construction of two small cruisers (2500 tons each, 20 knots, with 2 152 and 6 102 mm), six destroyers and three submarines. But the beginning of the First World War prevented this.
Unlike Spain, the Portuguese government openly sympathized with the Entente and in March 1916 declared war on Germany. True, the participation of the Portuguese fleet in the fighting was symbolic. The only naval battle with his participation was on October 14, 1918, when the German submarine U-139 shot out of a 150-mm cannon an armed trawler "Augusto de Castillo". The latter, to this day, is revered in Portugal in much the same way as Varyag in Russia. [3]
By the 1920s, Portugal had long been a third-rate maritime power, a weak and poor state "on the outskirts" of Europe. But at the same time it retained huge colonies in Africa ( Angola , Mozambique , Guinea-Bissau , Sao Tome and Principe , Cape Verde Islands ) and in Asia ( East Timor , Macao , enclaves in India - Goa , Diu and Daman ), the total area and whose population far exceeded those of the metropolis. Because of this, the few Navy (Marinha Portuguesa) that Portugal could afford to maintain were mainly focused on ensuring their presence in the colonies and their protection.
In 1926, an authoritarian regime was established in Portugal, which since 1930 was headed by Antonio Salazar , who was in power until 1968. His government took action to modernize the country and the armed forces and to develop the colonial empire. In the same year of 1930, a ten-year shipbuilding program for the renewal of the naval personnel was adopted. Initially, its execution was planned to be divided between the traditionally allied Great Britain and fascist Italy, which the Salazar regime tried to emulate, but soon the age-old British influence prevailed and all new ships were built in the UK or in Portugal with British help. In 1933–1937, 5 squadron destroyers, 3 submarines and 6 colonial sloops ( advices ) were commissioned into the Navy, which formed the balanced and modern core of the Portuguese Navy for the next twenty years.
During World War II, Portugal was neutral , generally adhering to a pro-British orientation. Its armed forces did not participate in the battles, although East Timor was occupied by the Japanese in March 1942 - September 1945 (who controlled Macao in 1943 - 1945), and the Azores in 1943 were provided by the Portuguese to host the Anglo-American military air base. which played an important role in the battle for the Atlantic . In exchange, Portugal received from the Western allies a number of military equipment in the form of military assistance , including 4 armed trawlers. [four]
Organizational Structure
Navy
Surface forces
Multipurpose forces are consolidated into divisions of escort and patrol ships. They are designed to solve the tasks of anti-aircraft, anti-ship and anti-submarine defense, inflicting fire damage to the enemy, the protection of maritime communications, escort ships and escorts convoys. The escort ships division is represented by five URO frigates: three types of “Vasco da Gama” (MECO 200 project) and two - of the “Bartolomeu Dias” type. The ships of the first type were built by order of the Portuguese Navy in 1991-1992 in the shipyards of the German shipbuilding company Blom and Foss in accordance with the concept of creating promising combat surface ships MEKO (multi-purpose combined ship). This concept assumes a modular installation of the main ship systems (weapons, GEM and other units), which provides a quick replacement of broken or outdated units with new ones. On armament of the frigates of the MEKO 200 project are: PU GKP “Harpoon” (2x4), air defense system “Sea Sparrow” Mk 29 mod. 1 (1x8), six 324-mm TA (2x3), 100-mm AU "Creuso Loir" and 20-mm ZAK "Vulcan-Falanx" (1x6). The ship is able to carry two anti-submarine helicopters "Super Sea Links" Mk 95.
The second type URO frigates (“Bartolomeu Dias” and “Francisco de Almeida”, the former “Van Ness” and “Van Gapen” of the type “Karel Doorman” of the Netherlands Navy) were brought into service in the flag in 2009-2010. In accordance with the agreement of 2006, the ships are leased to the Portuguese Defense Ministry for a period of 10 years. The armament and combat capabilities of these frigates roughly correspond to the characteristics of the FF URO of the Vasco da Gama type.
The patrol ships division includes three patrol corvettes of the Baptishta de Andrade type and four Joao Coutinho types, as well as 12 patrol boats (PKA) of the Argosh, Senturu, Rio Minio and Albatros types.
Corvettes, introduced into the naval force from 1970 to 1976, are now completing their operational cycle. In 20P, the first ocean-class patrol ship (project NPO 2000) - Viana do Castelo was transferred to the fleet built by Portuguese shipbuilding company ENVC (Estaleiros Navais de Viana do Castelo). The ship, equipped with modern airborne weapons, is used to patrol the maritime borders and the economic zone of Portugal, solving the tasks of combating smuggling, preventing drug trafficking and illegal migration.
According to the fleet modernization plans, an additional purchase of one MEKO 200 project UFD is planned. The ships of the NPO 2000 project should replace all corvettes of the Baptishta de Andrade and Joao Coutinho type. In the future, it is also planned to build ten LFC-type patrol boats (Lancha de Fis-calizacao Costeiros), intended to replace outdated PKAs.
Amphibious forces are represented by detachments of amphibious ships and boats as part of a Bachard-type tank landing ship (BDU) (built in 1985) and two amphibious boats. The TDK with a displacement of 650 tons is capable of transferring three medium tanks or 140 tons of cargo to remote theaters.
In 2005, the national shipyard “Astilierus navalesh” in the city of Viana do Castelo began the construction of a modern amphibious assault ship dock (DVKD) based on the best world projects (Dutch type “Rotterdam”, Spanish “Galicia”, French “Siroko” and American "San Antonio"), the total cost of the project is 210 million euros. Data on the timing of the entry of DVKD in the fleet combat composition is not yet available. Nevertheless, the country's leadership intends to accelerate the program to re-equip the amphibious forces, completing the construction of the DVKD and purchasing additional new landing craft and four or six Super LINKS transport-landing helicopters.
Mine-sweeping forces in the Portuguese Navy are currently missing. However, the new maritime strategy provides for the creation of this component of the Navy. In this regard, in the near future, it is planned to purchase and enter into the fleet combat structure four minesweepers seeking mine.
The auxiliary fleet includes nine vessels: two hydrographic (of the type “Andromeda”) and two oceanographic (of the type “Stallworth”), a tanker, a tugboat, and three training sailing vessels.
One of the most important tasks of the auxiliary fleet is to conduct research in the waters of the Atlantic Ocean outside the maritime economic zone of the country.
Submarine forces
Submarine forces of the Portuguese Navy consist of a squadron [5] of submarines and a detachment of divers-sappers [6] .
Underwater forces are designed to ensure the control of navigation in the zone of vital interests of Portugal, attacking enemy surface or underwater objects, establishing a blockade of sea areas, and conducting anti-submarine warfare.
The submarine division includes the diesel-electric submarines "Trident" and "Arpaou" of project 209 produced by the German shipbuilding consortium HDW ("Hovaldsverke Deutsche Werft"). The boats were commissioned in the fleet in 2010 and 2011, respectively, replacing the outdated French-built submarines of the Albacore type (“Daphne”) that have been in service since the 1960s.
The air-independent power plant of diesel-electric submarines based on electrochemical generators provides the maximum travel speed in a submerged position up to 20 kts, autonomy for 45 days. Boats are armed with eight torpedo tubes (A-184 Black Shark torpedoes of Italian production, the Garpun rocket and mines) . The crew size is 33 people.
It is assumed that these boats will be in service of the Navy at least until 2030. The long-term plans provide for the additional purchase of another diesel-electric submarines of the same type.
A detachment of divers-sappers of the Portuguese Navy is engaged in the search and destruction of sea mines and other underwater objects that impede navigation.
Naval Aviation
The air component of the Portuguese Navy is represented by a Helicopter Squadron, whose mission is to search for and destroy submarines, surface ships and air blockage. The secondary tasks of the Portuguese Navy aviation are the transportation of cargo and personnel, air reconnaissance and search and rescue operations. One helicopter has on board frigates of the type MEKO 200 PN and “Karel Doorman” of the Portuguese Navy . [7]
Marine Corps
| The Portuguese marines , in Portugal, simply called the Fuzilera Corps ( port of Corpo de Fuzileiros ), play the role of special forces in the Portuguese Navy. Numerically it has approximately a regiment and is involved in carrying out amphibious operations, conducting coastal reconnaissance, inspecting ships, and also participating in peacekeeping operations. Portugal’s Marine Corps also has a special unit. [eight] |
Home Items
- The naval base Lisbon is the main base of the Portuguese Navy.
Combat
Navy
| Type of | Board number | Name | In the fleet | condition | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Submarines | |||||
| Tridente submarine | S160 | NRP "Tridente" | since 2010 | in the ranks [9] | |
| Tridente submarine | S161 | NRP "Arpão" | since 2011 | in the ranks | |
| Frigates | |||||
| Vasco da Gama frigate | F330 | NRP "Vasco da Gama" | from January 18, 1991 [10] | in the ranks | |
| Vasco da Gama frigate | F331 | NRP "Alvares Cabral" | since May 24, 1991 [11] | in the ranks | |
| Vasco da Gama frigate | F332 | NRP "Corte Real" | from February 1, 1992 [12] | in the ranks | |
| frigate type "Bartolomeu Dias" | F333 | NRP "Bartolomeu Dias" | from January 16, 2009 [13] | in the ranks | former Hr. Ms. "Van Nes" (F833) |
| frigate type "Bartolomeu Dias" | F334 | NRP "Francisco de Almeida" | no data [14] | in the ranks | former Hr. Ms. "Van Galen" (F834) |
| Corvettes | |||||
| corvette type "João Coutinho" | F471 | NRP "António Enes" | from June 18, 1971 [15] | in the ranks | |
| corvette type "João Coutinho" | F476 | NRP "Jacinto Cândido" | from June 16, 1970 [16] | in the ranks | |
| corvette type "Baptista de Andrade" | F486 | NRP "Baptista de Andrade" | from November 19, 1974 [17] | in the ranks | |
| corvette type "Baptista de Andrade" | F487 | NRP "João Roby" | from March 18, 1975 [18] | in the ranks | |
| corvette type "Baptista de Andrade" | F488 | NRP "Alfonso Cerquiera" | from June 28, 1975 [19] | in the ranks | |
| Guard ships | |||||
| patrol ship of the type “Viana do Castelo” | P360 | NRP "Viana do Castelo" | no data | no data | |
| patrol ship of the type “Viana do Castelo” | P361 | NRP "Figueira da Foz" | no data | no data | |
| patrol boat type "Rio Minho" | P370 | NRP "Rio Minho" | no data [20] | in the ranks | |
| patrol boat type "Argos" | P1150 | NRP "Argos" | in the ranks | ||
| patrol boat type "Argos" | P1151 | NRP "Dragão" | in the ranks | ||
| patrol boat type "Argos" | P1152 | NRP "Escorpião" | in the ranks | ||
| patrol boat type "Argos" | P1153 | NRP "Cassiopeia" | in the ranks | ||
| patrol boat type "Argos" | P1154 | NRP "Hidra" | in the ranks | ||
| patrol ship like "Cacine" | P1140 | NRP "Cacine" | from May 6, 1969 [21] | in the ranks | |
| patrol ship like "Cacine" | P1144 | NRP "Cuanza" | from June 4, 1970 [22] | in the ranks | |
| patrol ship like "Cacine" | P1146 | NRP "Zaire" | from December 22, 1971 [23] | in the ranks | |
| patrol boat type "Centauro" | P1155 | NRP "Centauro" | in the ranks | ||
| patrol boat type "Centauro" | P1156 | NRP Orion | in the ranks | ||
| patrol boat type "Centauro" | P1157 | NRP Pegaso | in the ranks | ||
| patrol boat type "Centauro" | P1158 | NRP "Sagitário" | in the ranks | ||
| Albatroz type patrol boat | P1165 | NRP "Águia" | in the ranks | ||
| Albatroz type patrol boat | P1167 | NRP "Cisne" | in the ranks | ||
| Auxiliary ships | |||||
| “Andrómeda” type survey vessel | A5203 | NRP "Andrómeda" | since May 1987 [24] | in the ranks | |
| “Andrómeda” type survey vessel | A5205 | NRP "Auriga" | since March 1988 [25] | in the ranks | |
| “Rover” type tanker | A5210 | NRP "Berrio" | from March 31, 1993 [26] | in the ranks | former RFA "Blue Rover" (A270) |
| oceanographic vessel of the type "Dom Carlos I" | A522 | NRP "Dom Carlos I" | no data [27] | in the ranks | former USNS "Audacious" (T-AGOS-11) |
| oceanographic vessel of the type "Dom Carlos I" | A523 | NRP Almirante Gago Coutinho | no data [28] | in the ranks | former USNS Assurance (T-AGOS-5) |
| director of buoys like "Schultz Xavier" | A521 | NRP "Schultz Xavier" | since July 1972 [29] | in the ranks | |
| Amphibious assault ships | |||||
| large landing ship type "Bombarda" | LDG203 [30] | NRP "Bacamarte" | from August 2, 1985 [31] | in the ranks | |
| Training ships | |||||
| Creoula type lugger | UAM-201 | NRP "Creoula" | no data [32] | in the ranks | |
| barque type "Gorch Fock" | A-520 | NRP "Sagres III" | from January 30, 1962 [33] | in the ranks | former "Guanabara" former "Albert Leo Schlageter" |
| yacht | A-5204 | NRP "Polar" | from October 21, 1983 [34] | in the ranks | former "Anne Linde" |
Naval Aviation
| Designation of a formation or part | Armament and equipment | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Helicopter squadron | Westland Super Lynx Mk. 95 | frigates of the type "Vasco da Gama" and "Bartolomeu Dias" |
Marines and Navy Special Forces
Command of the Marine Corps ( port. Comando do Corpo de Fuzileiros ) [35]
- 1st Marine Battalion ( port. Batalhão de Fuzileiros nº1 )
- 2nd Marine Battalion ( port. Batalhão de Fuzileiros nº2 )
- Fire support company ( port. Companhia de Apoio de Fogos )
- Rota tactical transport support ( port. Companhia de Apoio de Transporte Tácticos )
- Amphibious assault unit ( port. Unidade de Meios de Desembarque )
- Naval Police Unit ( port. Unidade de Polícia Naval )
- Department of special purpose ( port. Destacamento de Acções Especiais )
- Marine base ( port. Base de Fuzileiros )
- Marines School ( port. Escola de Fuzileiros )
Equipment and weapons
Navy
Naval Aviation
Data on aviation equipment and weapons of the Portuguese Navy are taken from the official page of the Portuguese Navy [36] and from the page of Aviation Week & Space Technology magazine . [37]
| Type of | Production | Purpose | amount | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helicopters | |||||
| Westland Super Lynx Mk. 95 | Great Britain | anti-submarine helicopter | five | ||
Marine Corps
| Type of | Production | Purpose | amount | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armored vehicles | |||||
| Pandur II | Austria | armored personnel carrier | no data | ||
| Artillery | |||||
| Small arms | |||||
Ship and Ship Prefix
The ships and vessels of the Navy of Portugal have the prefix NRP ( port. Navio da República Portuguesa - Ship of the Portuguese Republic).
Flags of ships and ships
| Flag | Jack | Pennant warships |
|---|---|---|
Flags of Officials
| Naval minister | Commander in chief Navy | Fleet admiral |
|---|---|---|
| Admiral | Vice admiral | Rear Admiral |
Insignia
Admirals and Officers
| Categories [38] | Admirals | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portuguese rank | Almirante da armada | Almirante | Vice-almirante | Contra-almirante | Comodoro | Capitão-de-mar-e-guerra | Capitão-de-fragata | Capitão-tenente | Primeiro-tenente | Segundo-tenente | Guarda-marinha Subtenente | Aspirante |
| Russian conformity | Fleet admiral | Admiral | Vice admiral | Rear Admiral | not | Captain 1st Rank | Captain 2nd Rank | Captain 3rd Rank | Captain-lieutenant | Lieutenant | Michman | not |
Sergeants and Sailors
| Categories | Sub-officers | Sergeants and foremen | Sailors | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30px | 30px | 30px | 30px | 30px | 30px | 30px | 30px | 30px | 30px | 30px | 30px | |
| Portuguese rank | Sargento-mor | Sargento-chefe | Sargento-ajudante | Primeiro-sargento | Segundo-sargento | Primeiro-subsargento | Segundo-subsargento | Cabo | Primeiro-marinheiro | Segundo-marinheiro | Primeiro-grumete | Segundo-grumete |
| Russian conformity | Chief ship foreman | Chief Sergeant | not | Sergeant 1st article | not | not | not | Foreman of the 2nd article | Senior sailor | Sailor | not | not |
Signs on hats
Notes
- ↑ Chief of Naval Staff: Admiral Fernando José Ribeiro de Melo Gomes (not available link) . The appeal date is August 17, 2009. Archived July 15, 2011.
- ↑ Almirante CEMA (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 27, 2010. Archived May 28, 2010.
- ↑ Portugal. S.A. Balakin. Navy of small countries in Europe 1914−1918 Ship Handbook (unavailable link)
- Португ Portuguese Navy. S.V. Patyanin, M.S. Barabanov. Ships of the Second World War. Naval forces of the Netherlands and small countries of Western Europe (Belgium, Ireland, Iceland and Portugal). Maritime Campaign No. 2 2006
- ↑ História (Inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 27, 2010. Archived on August 22, 2010.
- ↑ Destacamentos de Mergulhadores Sapadores Unrefered (inaccessible link) . Circulation date July 27, 2010. Archived July 5, 2009.
- ↑ Meios Aéreos Unsolved (inaccessible link) . Circulation date July 27, 2010. Archived July 16, 2010.
- ↑ Anfíbios Unreferenced (inaccessible link) . Circulation date July 27, 2010. Archived July 4, 2010.
- ↑ Revista da Armada
- ↑ NRP Vasco da Gama (inaccessible link) . Circulation date July 27, 2010. Archived July 28, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Alvares Cabral (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 27, 2010. Archived November 25, 2009.
- ↑ NRP Corte Real (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 27, 2010. Archived May 28, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Bartolomeu Dias (Inaccessible link) . Circulation date July 27, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Francisco de almeida Neopr (Inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 27, 2010. Archived December 4, 2013.
- ↑ NRP António Enes (inaccessible link) . Circulation date July 28, 2010. Archived May 22, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Jacinto Cândido (Inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Baptista de Andrade (Inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP João Roby (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Afonso Cerqueira (not available link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Rio Minho (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Cacine Unsolved (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived May 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Cuanza (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Zaire (inaccessible link) . Circulation date July 28, 2010. Archived July 25, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Andrómeda Neopr (Inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Auriga (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Berrio Unsolved (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 28, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Dom Carlos I (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived May 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Almirante Gago Coutinho (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Schultz Xavier (Inaccessible link) . Circulation date July 27, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Bacamarte LDG203
- ↑ NRP Bacamarte Unsolved (inaccessible link) . Circulation date July 27, 2010. Archived July 28, 2010.
- ↑ NRP Creoula Unsolved (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ História Archive dated February 18, 2010 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ NRP Polar (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is July 28, 2010. Archived July 24, 2010.
- ↑ Estrutura Operacional do Corpo de Fuzileiros Archival copy dated February 11, 2010 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Westland Super Navy Lynx MK95 Unreferenced (not available link) . Circulation date July 27, 2010. Archived July 15, 2010.
- ↑ Aviation Week & Space Technology , 2009 World Military Aircraft Inventory, Portugal (not available link)
- ↑ Portuguese Navy / Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa
Links
- The official page of the Portuguese Navy (port.) (English)
- Flags of officers of the Navy and Navy of Portugal (port.)
- Flags of officials (port.)
- Portugal. S.A. Balakin. Navy of small countries of Europe 1914-1918 Ship Handbook (unavailable link)
- Portuguese Navy. S.V. Patyanin, M.S. The drums. Ships of the Second World War. Naval forces of the Netherlands and small countries of Western Europe (Belgium, Ireland, Iceland and Portugal). (unavailable link) Sea Campaign No. 2 2006