Zhuravlev, Yuri Ivanovich (mathematician)

• mathematical cybernetics and theoretical computer science;
• discrete analysis;
• theory of local information processing algorithms;
• forecasting and recognition methods;
• development of mathematical decision-making methods based on incomplete, contradictory, heterogeneous information.

Yuri Ivanovich Zhuravlev was born on January 14, 1935 in Voronezh . In 1952, he graduated from the men's secondary school of the city of Frunze of the Kyrgyz SSR and entered the mechmath of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov .

Already in 1953, Yuri Ivanovich, under the leadership of Alexei Andreevich Lyapunov, completed his first serious scientific work on the problem of minimizing not everywhere defined Boolean functions (this work was published in Proceedings of the Steklov Mathematical Institute and was awarded the 1st prize at the All-Union Competition in 1955 student research papers).

The solution to the problem of finding words in a finite set, taking into account the peculiarities of its structure, became the thesis of Yuri Ivanovich, after the defense of which in 1957 he entered the graduate school of Moscow State University to A. A. Lyapunov at the department of academician Sergei Lvovich Sobolev .

Working on the practical task of testing a wide class of technical devices, Zhuravlev created a special mathematical approach, which subsequently generated a large number of studies by many domestic and foreign scientists.

When studying the problem of locality in discrete problems, introducing the initial topological concept of a neighborhood into the problem of minimizing Boolean functions, he obtained a number of classical results, in particular, he proved a theorem on the local unsolvability of the problem of constructing a minimal d.f. These results constituted his Ph.D. thesis, defended at the end of 1959 . In 1959, Yuri Ivanovich moved to the newly created Novosibirsk Academgorodok , where he began his scientific career as a junior research assistant, becoming in 1961 the head of the department and in 1966 the deputy director for scientific work at the Institute of Mathematics . At the same time, he taught at the Department of Algebra and Mathematical Logic of Novosibirsk University, which was headed by Academician A.I. Maltsev .

The Department of Computational Theory Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which was created by Yuri Ivanovich, carried out developments in the study of operations: in simulation, nonlinear programming, and conducted large-scale applied research.

During this period, he obtained several interesting results, among which it is necessary to note the construction of an example of a Boolean function with a "pathologically large" number of dead-end dnf (This example fundamentally solved the problem, which was devoted to a whole area of ​​research).

The most important result of this period is the general theory of local algorithms, in which topological principles and theory of algorithms were combined. This theory became the content of the doctoral dissertation, which Yuri Ivanovich defended in 1965 (one of the first in the specialty " Mathematical Cybernetics "). He was opposed by both experts in cybernetics - academician V.M. Glushkov and corresponding members A.A. Lyapunov and O. B. Lupanov , and professor-algebraist A. D. Taimanov (at the request of academician A. I. Maltsev, he held verification of extremely technically difficult studies of the majority property). For the results obtained in 1966, Yu. I. Zhuravlev (together with O. B. Lupanov and corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences S. V. Yablonsky ) was awarded the title " Lenin Prize Laureate " in the field of science and technology.

Since 1966, a completely new direction in his scientific activity began - the solution of problems of classification or pattern recognition. The first (together with geophysicists F.P. Krendelev and A.N. Dmitriev) solved the problem of analyzing information about gold deposits. The successful use of a test algorithm for its solution led subsequently to the emergence of a whole direction in recognition based on the widespread use of discrete analysis methods.

Yuri Ivanovich introduced and investigated the classic model of estimation calculation algorithms (ABO), which incorporated most of the principles and procedures of recognition known at that time. Since then, hundreds of scientific papers have been devoted to the study of ABO, many of which were carried out by the students of Yu. I. Zhuravlev. Currently, ABO is a very universal language for describing recognition procedures, widely used to solve applied problems and giving rise to more and more theoretical research.

In 1969, Zhuravlev began work at the Computing Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now - the VTs RAS ). At the CC Yuri Ivanovich headed the Laboratory for Recognition Problems, which subsequently transformed into the Department of Recognition Problems and Combinatorial Analysis Methods and the Department of Computational Forecasting Methods. The Department of Recognition Problems Yu. I. Zhuravlev still manages today, at the same time being deputy director of the Computing Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences for scientific work. Since 1970, he has been a professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology .

Pupils and employees of Yuri Ivanovich have since solved many applied problems in areas such as medicine, geology, social and economic forecasting, etc., software systems and systems have been created to support decision-making, recognition, classification and forecasting. At the same time, the foundation for applied work always turns out to be deep fundamental mathematical research conducted both in the field of recognition and in discrete analysis.

In 1976 - 1978, Yuri Ivanovich published a series of works on the algebraic approach to the problem of synthesizing correct algorithms, which soon became famous. These works determined the current state of the whole problem of recognition and many related fields of applied mathematics and computer science . The main idea of ​​the algebraic approach, going back to the theory of Galois extensions , was to use initially heuristic models, that is, parametric families of algorithms, for synthesizing extreme-quality algebraic closure algorithms. In the works of this period, Yuri Ivanovich showed by examples of linear and polynomial extensions that it is even possible to explicitly construct extremal quality algorithms for solving very wide classes of poorly formalized problems. Moreover, the constructs of the algebraic approach by Yu. I. Zhuravlev and his students were justified from the standpoint of the so-called compactness hypothesis and the probabilistic nature of the subject domain. The works of Yuri Ivanovich of this period, as well as earlier work on ABO, also generated a stream of ongoing research today, to a large extent determining the recognized world leadership of the Zhuravlev scientific school in the field of mathematical recognition methods.

Along with work in the field of recognition, Yuri Ivanovich in the 80s (together with A. Yu. Kogan) obtained important results on solving the “canonically difficult” problems of discrete mathematics, confirming once again one of his favorite thoughts about the nature of complexity: even if “almost all” the tasks of a certain class have a complexity that practically excludes the possibility of solving them, this does not mean far from the fact that it is impossible to effectively solve concrete problems that are actually encountered from this class.

In 1984, Zhuravlev was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences , and in 1992 - an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences . In 1992, Yuri Ivanovich became an academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. In 1989, for a series of applied works, he and a number of his students were awarded the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

Being an outstanding mathematician, the author of a number of scientific fields and results, Yuri Ivanovich always devoted and pays a lot of time and effort and scientific and organizational activities. Since 1989, Yu. I. Zhuravlev is a member of the Executive Committee of the IAPR (International Association for Pattern Recognition), since 1990 - a member of the Bureau of the Department of Informatics, Computer Engineering and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences , since 1991 - Editor-in-Chief of the international scientific journal Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis ".

In 1997, he organized and headed the Department of Mathematical Forecasting Methods at the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics of Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov .

In 1998, became Chairman of the Scientific Council on the complex issue of Cybernetics under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences .

Since 1965 , when Zhuravlev spoke at the IFIP World Congress in New York, and to this day, Yuri Ivanovich regularly reads lectures and lecture courses abroad. So, he gave lecture courses at universities in the USA , France , Finland , Sweden , Austria , Poland , Bulgaria , East Germany and other countries. This work substantially ensured the wide international recognition of Soviet science in the field of discrete mathematics and pattern recognition .

One of the important merits of Yuri Ivanovich Zhuravlev is the creation in the USSR of specialized educational institutions - boarding schools ( physical education schools) for gifted children at large scientific centers (SSC), as well as the development of selection mechanisms for such educational institutions. Yuri Ivanovich Zhuravlev and other young scientists, together with Academician Lavrentiev and leading employees of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, suggested selecting talented schoolchildren across the country to newly created special schools through a system of subject Olympiads. The Organizing Committee was prepared and conducted by the Organizing Committee under the Council of Young Scientists of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, relying on young scientists and students of Novosibirsk State University. ^[one]

In addition, Yuri Ivanovich Zhuravlev is the author of the idea of ​​the Councils of Young Scientists at scientific and educational organizations in the USSR and was elected the first chairman of the Council of Young Scientists of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now the Council of Scientific Youth of the SB RAS . high appreciation of both the leadership of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the leadership of the Soviet Union.As a result, Yuri Ivanovich Zhuravlev proposed scaling up the idea of ​​a system of Soviets of young scientists throughout the country.

Many heads of scientific institutes and individual scientific departments (scientific departments and laboratories) in the USSR and the Russian Federation before their appointment to positions actively participated in the work of the head Council of young scientists of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Councils of young scientists of their scientific institutions.

Yu. I. Zhuravlev created the world famous scientific school in the field of recognition and forecasting . Among his students are more than 100 candidates and 26 doctors of sciences, including 1 academician, 2 corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences . Many students of Yu. I. Zhuravlev themselves lead scientific schools in Russia and abroad.

• Order of the Red Banner of Labor
• Order of Friendship of Peoples
• Order “For Merit to the Fatherland”, IV degree ( 1999 ) - for his great contribution to the development of domestic science, the training of highly qualified personnel and in connection with the 275th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences ^[2]
• Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" III degree
• Lenin Prize ( 1966 )
• Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR ( 1989 )

Articles

1. On the separability of subsets of vertices of an n-dimensional unit cube , Proceedings of the Mathematical Institute. V.A. Steklova. - 1958. - T. LI. - S. 143-157.
2. Set-theoretic methods in the algebra of logic , Problems of cybernetics. - 1962. - T. 8. - S. 5-44.
3. Extreme tasks that arise in the justification of heuristic procedures , Problems of applied mathematics and mechanics. - M .: Nauka, 1971. - S. 67-74.
4. Nonparametric pattern recognition problems , Cybernetics. - 1976. - N ° 6.
5. Extreme algorithms in mathematical models for recognition and classification problems , Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Maths. - 1976.- T. 231, N ° 3.
6. Correct algebras over sets of incorrect (heuristic) algorithms. Part I , Cybernetics. - 1977. - N ° 4. - S. 5-17.
7. Correct algebras over sets of incorrect (heuristic) algorithms. Part II , Cybernetics. - 1977. - N ° 6. - S. 21-27.
8. Correct algebras over sets of incorrect (heuristic) algorithms. Part III , Cybernetics. - 1978. - N ° 2. - S. 35-43.
9. On the algebraic approach to solving recognition or classification problems, Problems of cybernetics. - 1978. - T. 33. - S. 5-68.
10. On algebraic methods in recognition and classification problems , recognition, classification, forecast. - 1988. - T. 1. - S. 9-16.
11. About recognition algorithms with representative sets (about logical algorithms) , ZhVMiMF. - 2002. - T. 42, N ° 9. - S. 1425-1435.
12. Pattern recognition and image recognition , recognition, classification, forecast. - 1989. - T. 2. - S. 5-73. (jointly with I. B. Gurevich)
13. Recognition algorithms based on the calculation of estimates , Cybernetics. - 1971. - N ° 3. (shared with V.V. Nikiforov)
14. On the algebraic correction of information processing (conversion) procedures , Problems of applied mathematics and computer science. - 1987. - S. 187—198. (jointly with K.V. Rudakov)

Tutorials

1. Zhuravlev Yu. I., Flerov Yu. A. Discrete analysis. Part 1. Dolgoprudny: Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 1999 136 pp., ISBN 5-7417-0108-6
2. Zhuravlev Yu. I., Ryazanov V.V. , Senko O. V. Recognition. Mathematical methods. Software system. Practical applications. M .: Fazis, 2006.147 s. ISBN 5-7036-0108-8 .
3. Zhuravlev Yu. I., Flerov Yu. A., Sluggish M. N. Discrete analysis. Fundamentals of higher algebra . M .: MZ-Press, 2006 (208 p., ISBN 5-94073-097-3 ) and 2007 (2nd ed., Rev. And add., 224 p.).
4. Zhuravlev Yu. I. , Flerov Yu. A. , Sluggish M. N. Discrete analysis. Formal systems and algorithms . M .: MZ-Press, 2010.336 s. ISBN 978-5-86567-092-1 .

• Matrosov V. L. , Rudakov K. V. Yuri Ivanovich Zhuravlev // [ [1] History of computer science in Russia: scientists and their schools]. - Moscow: Nauka, 2003 .-- S. 486. - ISBN 5-691-01223-1 .
• Yu. I. Zhuravlev . Selected scientific papers. - M.: Master, 1998 .-- 420 p.
• Profile of Yuri Ivanovich Zhuravlev on the official website of the RAS
• Zhuravlev Yu. I. on the website of the All-Russian Academy of Sciences
• 50 years of the Computing Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences: history, people, achievements. M .: VTs RAS, 2005, 320 p. ISBN 5-201-09837-1 .
• Zhuravlev Yu. I. Memoirs of Academician A. A. Dorodnitsyn // International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, dedicated to the 100th birthday of academician A. A. Dorodnitsyn, December 7, 2010 11:35, Moscow ( video recording).

• The digital approach. Academician Yuri Zhuravlev about breakthroughs in mathematics, “spots” in biography and the Silver Age . Russian Newspaper - Federal Issue No. 5082 (3) dated January 13, 2010
• Recognition, Classification, Prediction
• Resource MachineLearning.ru
• Portrait of Yu. Zhuravlev by I. Glazunov (on the insert after p. 24)
• Beresnev V. L., Evdokimov A. A., Korshunov A. D., Krasnoshchekov P. S. , Leontiev V. K., Lupanov O. B. , Pavlovsky Yu. N. , Sapozhenko A. A., Flerov Yu A. Yuri Ivanovich Zhuravlev (on the occasion of his 70th birthday) // Diskretn. analysis and research. oper., ser. 1, 2005. T. 12, No. 1. S. 3-11.
• Profile on the site Photoarchive SB RAS
• Scientific work in the system ISTA MSU