Napata ( Egypt. Npt ) - a city on the west coast of the Blue Nile , located 400 kilometers north of Khartoum , the modern capital of Sudan . It was founded around 1450 BC. e. Nubians . After 600 years, he became the capital of Kush . After the capital was moved to Meroe , Napata became a religious center. In the year 24 n. e. destroyed by the Romans during the reign of Queen Amanirena . The Romans were commanded by the Prefect of Egypt, Guy Petronius .
| Ancient city | ||||
| Napata | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
npt | ||||
 Amon Temple Ruins at Jebel Barkal Rock | ||||
| Region | Upper egypt | |||
| Founded | c. 1450 BC e. | |||
| First mention | 1820 | |||
| Ruined | 24 year n. e. | |||
| Causes of destruction | destroyed by the Romans | |||
| Modern location | north of Khartoum , Karim (Sudan | |||
Content
- 1 New city of Amon
- 2 Napat Excavations
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
- 5 Links
Amon's New City
The ruins of this city were first described by European researchers in 1820. In subsequent studies, the ruins of 13 temples and 3 palaces were discovered. The largest temple - the temple of Amun - is still considered sacred among the local population. .
The city was below the fourth threshold of the Nile . Today, some buildings in Napata are on the World Heritage List of Africa . The ruins of this ancient city are located at the foot of the Jebel Barkal rock, sacred to the ancient Egyptians, the place where the god Amon himself lived and where a large temple was built in honor of this god.
The cult of Amon in Napata began to take shape during the XVIII dynasty . He replaced the numerous local deities. Amon in Napata was often portrayed sitting on a throne with the body of a man and the head of a ram.
Temples and cemeteries were located on the outskirts of the city, behind the Jebel Barkal rock, between the desert and agricultural land, the city itself stretched along the riverbank. An important role in Napat's life was played by religion. The city was not only an important pilgrimage site, but also located at the intersection of several trade routes. An important trading artery for trade was the Nile, through which caravans from central Africa could travel through Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea and further to the shores of other states.
Excavations of Napata
The largest excavations were undertaken in the years 1916-1920 by George E. Reisner . However, only a small part of the information collected was published and became available to a wide audience. Today, excavations are being carried out by Italian researchers.
In 2003, UNESCO granted World Heritage status to the ruins of the Amuntempel pyramid. [ specify ] and some other ancient architectural buildings in Napata.
Jebel Barkal and its environs
Reconstruction of the Temple of Amon in Jebel Barkal under the Pharaohs of the XXV Dynasty
Image of the god Amun
Notes
Literature
- Rudolf Fischer: Die schwarzen Pharaonen , Bergisch Gladbach 1986, S. 153-58 ISBN 3-88199-303-7
Links
- UNESCO site
- UNESCO World Heritage List (eng) (french)