Natsume Kinnosuke ( Japanese 夏 目 金 之 助 Natsume Kinnosuke , January 5, III, Keio ( February 9, 1867 ), Edo , Prov. Musashi - December 9, V of Taisho ( 1916 ), Tokyo ), better known under the pseudonym Natsume Soseki ( Japanese 石 目 漱 Natsume So: seki ) is a Japanese writer, one of the founders of modern Japanese literature .
| Natsume Soseki | |
|---|---|
| jap. 夏 目 漱 石 | |
 Natsume in 1912 | |
| Birth name | Natsume Kinnosuke |
| Aliases | Natsume Soseki |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Edo , Prov. Musashi |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| Citizenship |  Japan |
| Occupation | prose writer , poet |
| Language of Works | |
Content
Biography
Natsume was born on February 9, 1867 . Under feudal regime, his father held the hereditary position of “Nanushi” - foremen in one of the communities of the city of Edo (modern Tokyo ). This position brought him considerable income. After the revolution of 1867-1868, he was unable to adapt to the new order, the family became impoverished.
The future writer was born on "Monkey Day" according to the old Japanese calendar. According to an ancient belief, a person born on this day becomes a thief. The trouble could be averted by giving the child a name, which includes the character “Kin” (money). The boy was named Kinnosuke (the name of Soseki is the literary pseudonym of the writer).
Kinnosuke was an unwanted sixth child, his mother was already 40 years old, and his father 53. Elderly parents were not happy about the appearance of the child and gave him to another family, where he was disposed of as a thing. The couple who adopted Kinnosuke a few years later parted, and the parents, unwittingly, had to take their son back. For them, he was an unwanted burden, an extra mouth.
At the age of 23, he entered Tokyo University . He studied English, was a student of Raphael von Köber (1848-1923) and James Murdoch .
Upon graduation, he taught English at school, first in Tokyo, then in the provinces.
In 1900, he went to study in England. In 1903 he returned from England. Then he taught English literature at the University of Tokyo.
At the age of 38, he wrote his first novel, Your Submissive Cat Servant .
Later he refused to teach, got a job at the Asahi newspaper and began to write novels.
Soseki loved the work of Dostoevsky and clearly felt his spiritual closeness to him.
Natsume Soseki suffered from stomach ulcers for many years. He died on December 9, 1916 in Tokyo at the age of 49.
Main Works
- 1905 - Your humble servant cat (吾輩 は 猫 で あ る)
- 1906 - Malchugan (坊 っ ち ゃ ん)
- 1908 - Sansiro (三四郎)
- 1909 - Then (そ れ か ら)
- 1910 - Gate (門)
- 1914 - Heart (こ ゝ ろ)
- 1916 - Light and Darkness (明暗)
Natsume's works have been translated into English , Bulgarian , Hungarian , Georgian , Spanish , Italian , Catalan , Chinese , Korean , Mongolian , German , Polish , Portuguese , Romanian , Russian , Serbo-Croatian , Slovak , Ukrainian , French and Czech . [four]
Memory
In 1984, his image was printed on a thousand yen banknote.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 Find a Grave - 1995. - ed. size: 165000000
- ↑ Soseki's Biography in "Extelopedia of Fantasy and Science Fiction"
Literature
- Ridgeway WN A Critical Study of the Novels of Natsume Sōseki (1867-1916). - Edwin Mellen Press, 2005 .-- 247 p. - ISBN 978-0773462304 .
- McClellan E. An Introduction to Sōseki: [ eng. ] // Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. - 1959. - Vol. 22. - P. 150-208. - DOI : 10.2307 / 2718542 .