Dunin-Martsinkevich, Vincent Ivanovich

Vincent (Vincent Ivanovich) Dunin-Martsinkevich was born (in the birth metric there is no Dunin house, neither the parents nor the godmother - the sister of Julianna, but the baby himself was baptized by the double name Vincent-Jakub ^[5] ) on February 4, 1808 in folklore Panyushkovichi of Bobruisk district of Minsk province in a gentry family. After graduating from the Bobruisk Povet School and the Vilna Basilian Bursa, he entered the medical faculty of St. Petersburg (according to other information from the Vilna University), but was forced to interrupt his studies due to illness. Information about all stages of education is not confirmed by any archival documents, but is known only from inaccurate biographies of Marcinkiewicz. There is no data on the education received in the service formulary. Most likely, it was home. Later, he served as an official in the Minsk criminal court, was a translator in the Minsk diocesan consistory.

In November 1835, on suspicion of forgery of noble documents and royal seals, he was arrested and held under house arrest, in a city guardhouse and for about a week in Minsk prison castle, or, as it was unofficially called, Pishchalovsky Castle . He returned to work in the spiritual consistory only after 4 months, in February 1836, where in an explanatory account about such a big absenteeism he wrote only about house arrest, hiding the fact of imprisonment in prison ^[6] . As a result, the investigation was left in "strong suspicion."

In 1840 he left the service, acquired the Lyutsinka farm near Ivenets of the Volozhinsky district, which became for him a place of permanent residence until the end of his days. However, the writer spent a lot of time in Minsk, among the democratic intelligentsia.

Together with writing, Dunin-Martsinkevich was actively engaged in educational work - he organized Belarusian schools, collected folklore, and recorded spoken language. The whole Minsk intelligentsia gathered in his house, where they discussed the state of Belarusian culture and literature.

The theatrical activity of Vincent Dunin-Martsinkevich deserves special attention. His efforts created the first Belarusian theater group. It entered the history of Belarusian culture under the name Dunin-Martsinkevich Theater . Passion for theater came to Dunin-Martsinkevich very early, even at the time when he lived in St. Petersburg and Vilna. He did not miss a single performance in Minsk. Probably, with this spectator hobby Marcinkiewicz began as a playwright, director and actor. Under the influence of performances by Russian and Polish troupes, he had the idea to create his own, distinctive, Belarusian theater. The troupe of the theater included the writer’s family, neighbors, local school students, acquaintances and peasants. The theater performed mainly in the Lyutsinka folklore. The repertoire consisted of plays written by the playwright himself. The theater was synthetic and absorbed various types of stage work: dramatic, vocal-musical and dance art. He inherited the traditions of folk stage art and was the center of a democratic culture. The Dunin-Marcinkiewicz Theater aroused the national identity of the audience. The first production of the comic opera Selyanka (Idyll ") took place on February 9, 1852, and the Belarusian word sounded openly on the stage. This date is considered the starting point in the emergence of Belarusian stage art. After the first performance, the performance was banned by the authorities and was subsequently staged in Minsk and Belarusian towns illegally.

From March 1862 until February 22, 1864 in Dobrovlyany he hid from the persecution of the tsarist administration. In March 1862, the interim military governor of the Minsk province, Major General Kushalev sent out a circular in which it was written: “According to the truthful information that I received, it turns out that the landowner Marcinkiewicz wrote an outrageous poem in the Belarusian language entitled“ Gutarka of the old grandfather ”, which is aimed to incite the peasants of the western provinces against the government ... and that Mr. Martsinkevich is trying to distribute his work ... among the common people. " Vincent Dunin-Martsinkevich found shelter in Dobrovlyany near Matilda Buchinskaya . After the estate of Dobrovliany of the Sventsyansky district was sequestered, from February 22, 1864 he was forced to move to the nearby town of Svir , where he lived six months before his arrest

During the uprising, the police attributed to him the authorship of anti-government publications. The exile of Camilla’s daughter, the arrest of Dunin-Martsinkevich himself from 1864 to 1865, monetary fines, strict police supervision after his release from prison - all this fell heavily on the writer. The theatrical activity of Dunin-Martsinkevich did not reach its peak due to adverse external conditions, but served as the foundation for the further development of Belarusian drama and professional theater. He died in 1884.

He wrote in Polish and Belarusian . At the center of his artistic sketches is the Belarusian village, its way of life. Particular attention is paid to Belarusian folklore . The poet colorfully reproduces the Belarusian rites ( Kupala night , dozhinki , " dzyady ", wedding). For the work of V. Dunin-Martsinkevich, elements of sentimentalism are characteristic.

Formal and artistic means are not very diverse. His poems are descriptive, an unpretentious romantic intrigue is interwoven in the image of peasant and gentry life. The plays of V. Dunin-Martsinkevich remain relevant material for Belarusian drama theaters. Steadily popular is the Pinsk Gentry, which is distinguished by its lively dialogue and successful deployment of comic situations. This play is a classic Belarusian literary work and is included in the school curriculum, as well as the comedy Zalety .

The Belarusian philologist , professor Nina Mechkovskaya, in the article “Vincent Dunin-Marcinkiewicz was not the author of the Pina’s Gentry vaudeville” (Wiener Slawistischer Almanach 46, 2001), gives arguments that, in her opinion, may cast doubt on the authorship of the famous playwright: Dunin- Martsinkevich wrote all his works using only the Latin script, and the manuscript of “Pinsk Gentry” was written in Cyrillic, the author of “Pinsk Gentry” borrowed a lot from Ivan Kotlyarevsky ’s comedy “Natalka-Poltavka”, and some of Dunin-Martsinkevich’s connections with Ukrainian literature th is still not found. Although the play supposedly takes place in the village of Olpen, near David Gorodok , the Belarusian dialectologist Fedor Klimchuk claims that it was written not in Olpen’s dialect, but in dialects sat near Pinsk itself, and suggests that its author was the Pinsk writer Stefan Kuklinsky ^[7] .

Researchers of the work of V. Dunin-Martsinkevich Adam Maldis ^[8] and Gennady Kiselev ^[9] , who defend the version of the authorship of Dunin-Martsinkevich, disagree with the version of N. Mechkovskaya. After the uprising of Kastus Kalinovsky’s uprising in 1863, Dunin-Martsinkevich and his daughter Camilla were among the prisoners of the Pishchalovsky castle in Minsk (term of imprisonment: 1864-1865), convicted of distributing revolutionary leaflets and actively supporting the uprising. It was in the prison walls that the writer was born the idea of ​​his main work - the play "Pinsk Gentry".

• Poems (in Belarusian): Gapon 1854 , Vecharnitsy 1855 , Kupala 1855 , Shcharoўskіya dazhinki 1857 (publishing house “ The Sun Will Look into Our Window ” as well.
• Dramatic works: comedy-opera “Syalyanka” 1846 , one-act vaudeville “Pinskaya gentry” 1866 , comedy “Zalety” 1870 .
• Translation of A. Mitskevich ’s poem “ Pan Tadeusz ” 1859 .

Some works are in manuscripts.

• The name of V. Dunin-Martsinkevich is Mogilev Regional Drama and Comedy Theater (Bobruisk).
• In Minsk, in the Frunze district, a street was named in honor of Vincent Dunin-Martsinkevich. A memorial plaque is installed on the house number 2/2.
• The Ministry of Culture of Belarus and the Belarusian Union of Theater Workers (BSTD) have established the Vincent Dunin-Martsinkevich Theater Award. The Republic of Belarus hosts the International Festival of National Drama, which also bears the name of a playwright.
• On February 4, 2008, the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus introduced the commemorative coin “V. Dunin-Martsinkevich. 200 year. "
• On September 3, 2016, a sculptural composition was opened in Minsk to Stanislav Monyushko and Vincent Dunin-Martsinkevich on Freedom Square. ^[ten]

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  Commemorative coin of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus “V. Dunin-Martsinkevich. 200 year

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  Postage stamp of Belarus - 200th Birth Anniversary of Vincent Dunin-Martsinkevich

• Drozd D. Syameyny tayamnitsy Dunіna-Martsіnkevicha. Forests sasytsёr klasіka literatury. The culture. No. 46 (1276) 11/12/2016 - 11/18/2016, No. 47 (1277) 11/19/2016 - 11/25/2016
• Drozd D. Syameyny tayamnitsy Dunіna-Martsіnkevicha. Unclear praz forest matsі klasіka . The culture. No. 51 (1281) 12/17/2016 - 12/23/2016
• Drozd D. Syameyny tayamnitsy Dunіna-Martsіnkevicha. Jan Martsinkevich: riddles of the great father’s class / Part I Culture. No. 5 (1288) 02/04/2017 - 02/10/2017, Part 2. No. 7 (1290) 02/18/2017 - 02/24/2017
• Drozd D. Syameyny tayamnitsy Dunіna-Martsіnkevicha. Hto, such a Franziska Martsinkevicha Parthenskaya, and I spagned yana pazykі svaygo batsk? No. 12 (1295) 03/25/2017 - 03/31/2017
• K_syalyoў, G.V. Spasstigayuchy Dunina-Martsinkevicha: Test navukovay sіstematyzatsy dakumentў і materyyalaў / G.V. K_syalyoў. - Minsk: Universitetskaya, 1988 .-- 160 p.
• Naumenka, I. J. Vincent Dunin-Martsinkevich / І. I. Naumenka. - Minsk: Navuka i tehnika, 1992 .-- 216 p.

• Vіntsent Dunіn-Martsіnkevіch: asoba and creativity | Archives of Belarus
• “Pinsk gentry” (original in Pinchutian dialect)
• Dunin-Martsinkevich, Vincent Ivanovich // Brief Literary Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. A.A. Surkov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1962-1978.