Ainu language (Ainu, Einu; abdal) (self-designation Äynú (ئەينۇ) [ɛjˈnu]; Uygh . Abdal tili / ئابدال تىلى ; Chinese Trad. 艾努 語 , р 语 п , инь ǔ инь - à - -: à used in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, belongs to the Karluk and is considered a dialect of the Uyghur .
| Ainu language | |
|---|---|
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Regions | Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region |
| Total number of speakers | 6,570 |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of Eurasia |
Altai family
| |
| Language Codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | tut |
| ISO 639-3 | aib |
| WALS | |
| Ethnologue | |
| ELCat | |
| IETF | |
| Glottolog | |
The vocabulary of Iranisms is significant, while phonetics and grammar retain the Turkic character. Therefore, the language is often referred to the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.
Among languages of similar structure, there are those that do not have a “secret” function. An example is the Einu language, which is used in intra-group communication of a small ethnic community living in western China at a number of points along the southern branch of the Great Silk Road from Kashgar to Khotan (at a considerable distance not only from the Persian-Tajik region, but also from the Iranian-speaking area as a whole ) All Einu are bilingual, they learn the Uyghur language as a child, which they use for any external contacts. From the phonological and grammatical points of view, the Einu language completely fits into the framework of Uyghur, the dialect of which it was once considered to be. Characteristic, for example, is the syharmonically determined distribution of indicators borrowed from the Uyghur: .lar / .ler (plural), .da / .de / .ta / .te (locative), .raq / .rek (comparative degree), and t d. [Lee-Smith 1996b: 856], cf .:
| einu | Uigur | transfer |
|---|---|---|
| xana.da | oj-da | 'in the House' |
| aeb.de | tunda | 'at night' |
| xurd.raq | kichik.rack | 'less' |
| kemte.rek | yash.raq | 'younger' |
Although almost all official morphemes of Einu functionally and materially correspond to Uyghur, mutual understanding between the two languages is excluded due to the dominance of Persian vocabulary in Einu. Of the 24 units of the list of words found in the cited work, 15 are Persian (uatur 'belly', kalaK 'large', xor- 'eat', atµa 'fire', sar 'head', bisjar 'many', kox 'mountain', aµb 'night', nis' no ', jµk' one ', kµs' person', xurd 'small', saK 'stone', du' two ', ab' water ') and 6 Uyghur (man' me ', awu ~ μwu / aau ~ μau 'that', bu 'this', san 'you', nima 'what', kim 'who'). Despite the pronounced agglutination and syngarmonism, Ein will have to recognize the Indo-European (namely, Iranian) language. If you use Yakhontov’s 35-element list, the ratio of Iranian and Turkic elements will be 6: 6 (to add bad Iran’s missing Swadesh’s to emphasized Iranian elements).
The genesis of Einu is quite clear: the Persian idiom, which had experienced strong Turkic interference for many centuries, eventually almost lost its original grammar and half of the basic vocabulary. The origin of certain elements of the linguistic structure of the Einu is almost always obvious, however, the method of forming a unified system from them is characteristic only for this language, and the question of its genetic affiliation remains unclear; having a complete verbatim list, it will be simple to solve it formally, but any decision will cause both Iranists and Turkologists a certain displeasure.
Native speakers, Einu , represent an ethnic group of less than 30,000 people, officially included in the PRC as part of the Uyghurs .
