Ter-Petrosyan, Levon Akopovich

Ancestors

Father, Hakob Ter-Petrosyan. The founder of the name, priest Petros, on behalf of the Cilician Catholicos Hovhannes Ajnetsi in 1720 moved from Sis to Musa Ler . Paternal grandfather Petros Ter-Petrosyan was a member of the Hnchakyan Social Democratic Party . Mother Azatui Garibyan. Maternal grandfather Petros Garibyan, was a supporter of the Dashnaktsutyun party ^[1] .

The early years

Born in the Syrian city of Aleppo . In 1946, the family moved to the Armenian SSR . In 1963, Ter-Petrosyan entered the philological faculty of Yerevan State University . He played in the student amateur theater. In 1968 he graduated from the University and entered the graduate school of the Institute of Literature named after Manuk Abeghyan at the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR . Subsequently, he continued his postgraduate studies at the Leningrad Institute of Oriental Studies. In 1972 he defended his thesis on Armenian-Assyrian literary relations, becoming a candidate of philological sciences. While studying in Leningrad, Ter-Petrosyan met his future wife Lyudmila Fraimovna Pliskovsky (Jewish by nationality).

In 1972-1978, Ter-Petrosyan was a junior research fellow at the Institute of Literature. Since 1978, he worked at the Institute of Ancient Manuscripts Matenadaran named after Mesrop Mashtots at the Council of Ministers of the Armenian SSR as a scientific secretary, and since 1985 - as a senior research fellow. In 1987 in Leningrad, he defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philology. In parallel with his main work in Matenadaran from 1985 to 1988, he taught at the Etchmiadzin Theological Seminary. Since 1988, Levon Ter-Petrosyan was a member of the Karabakh committee, which demanded the withdrawal of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region from the jurisdiction of the Azerbaijan SSR, and one of the leaders of the Armenian National Movement (ANM). In December 1988, he was arrested along with other members of the Karabakh committee. He was accused of "organizing riots" and "inciting ethnic hatred." In May 1989, he was released under public pressure.

In August 1989, Ter-Petrosyan was elected deputy of the Supreme Council of the Armenian SSR , and in November 1989 - chairman of the ANM. In August 1990, became chairman of the Supreme Council of Armenia of a new convocation. Under his chairmanship, a declaration of independence of Armenia was adopted on August 23, 1990.

President of Armenia

On October 17, 1991, Ter-Petrosyan was elected the first president of the independent republic of Armenia. 83.4 percent of voters voted for his candidacy. He took office on November 11 ^[2] . In 1991-1995 he directed the work of the constitutional commission. The constitutional text developed by the commission was adopted at a popular referendum in July 1995.

In 1992, his presidential administration canceled the celebration of Victory Day on May 9 , subsequently restored under the name "Day of Victory and Peace." In the same year, the activity of the Dashnaktsutyun party was banned in Armenia, and a number of its members were arrested.

On December 23, 1995, Levon Ter-Petrosyan was nominated as a presidential candidate by the Republican Party of Armenia. On September 22, 1996, Ter-Petrosyan was re-elected President of Armenia, receiving 51.75 percent of the vote, and thus winning the first round. His main opponent, former Prime Minister Vazgen Manukyan, gained 41.29 percent. In total, 60.5 percent of voters participated in the elections.

On February 3, 1998, Ter-Petrosyan resigned as president of the country. The reason for the resignation was a split in the Armenian government. Prime Minister Robert Kocharian , Minister of Defense Vazgen Sargsyan (Sargsyan) and Minister of Internal Affairs and National Security Serzh Sargsyan did not support the plan proposed by Ter-Petrosyan to resolve the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which included the demilitarization of the conflict zone and the return to Azerbaijan of a number of settlements occupied during military operations of 1992-1994 ^{[3] [4]} . In March of the same year, Robert Kocharian was elected the new president.

After resignation

After his resignation, Ter-Petrosyan refused to participate in public policy for a long time and rarely left the borders of Armenia. He was a researcher at Matenadaran . In May 2007, information appeared that he could take the post of director of this institute. Ter-Petrosyan worked on a six-volume fundamental study “Armenians and Crusaders”, which was devoted to the history of the Armenian state of the 11th-16th centuries. In 2005, the first volume of the study was published, and in 2007 the second.

On October 26, 2007, Ter-Petrosyan spoke at an opposition rally in Yerevan, where he announced that he would take part in the presidential elections scheduled for February 2008. At the same time, he stated that the current government in Armenia is “vicious, humiliating, and does not honor our people.” Also, Ter-Petrosyan said that in case of victory, he intends to "dismantle the criminal structure of power" and voluntarily leave after three years. On January 18, 2008, the CEC of Armenia registered nine presidential candidates, including Ter-Petrosyan ^[5] . On February 19, 2008, the elections took place. The next day, the CEC announced that Kocharian’s successor and current Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan won them in the first round, gaining 52.86 percent of the vote. Ter-Petrosyan took second place, gaining 21.50 percent of the vote. The third was the leader of the opposition party “ Orinats Yerkir ” and ex-speaker of the parliament Arthur Baghdasaryan , who received 16.66 percent.

On February 20, 2008, the opposition led by Ter-Petrosyan held a protest rally in Yerevan, in which several thousand people participated. Speaking to the audience, the ex-president said: “I won the election and will defer my victory. "I have the determination to do so, even if no one is left with me." The next day, the protesters began a sit-in, and set up tents towards evening.

On the morning of March 1, 2008, the police dispersed another rally of Ter-Petrosyan's supporters. The former president himself was taken to his residence under the escort of the state security service. According to media reports, although he was not officially under house arrest, the police did not allow him to leave the residence. After that, supporters of Ter-Petrosyan gathered on the square of Yerevan (between the embassies of Italy, France and Russia), where they began to build barricades from improvised means. As a result, the protest rallied into an armed clash with police and internal troops, accompanied by riots in which about seven thousand people participated. According to official figures, 131 people were injured during the riots, of which eight died from gunshot wounds. On the same day, Kocharian announced the imposition of a state of emergency in Yerevan for the next 20 days. After that, on March 2, Ter-Petrosyan called on his supporters to disperse, and they left the rally. On March 8, the Constitutional Court of Armenia rejected the claims of Ter-Petrosyan and another candidate Tigran Karapetyan to annul the decision of the Central Election Commission on the election results and recognized Sargsyan’s victory. On March 10, the state of emergency was relaxed, and on the night of March 21 it was completely canceled.

Since the summer of 2008, the opposition began to organize regular large-scale protests, seeking the release of those arrested after the March riots in Yerevan, the dismissal of several senior officials, and subsequently the resignation of President Sargsyan. During one of the actions, on August 1, 2008, 15 parties and one socio-political organization announced the creation of a single Armenian National Congress (ANC), the actual leader of which was Ter-Petrosyan. In March 2009, Ter-Petrosyan headed the list put forward by the ANC (which by that time included 18 parties) in the elections to the Council of Elders of Yerevan - the city parliament of the Armenian capital. At the same time, according to Armenian legislation, Ter-Petrosyan automatically became a candidate for the post of mayor of the capital of Armenia. Immediately after the elections held on May 31 of that year, the ANC announced its victory, but according to official results, the opposition list gained only a little more than 17 percent of the vote. On June 1, 2009, Ter-Petrosyan stated that the ANC refuses mandates in the Council of Elders, the opposition finally refuses dialogue with the authorities and will not recognize a single document signed by Sargsyan, “especially if it concerns Karabakh or Armenian-Turkish relations.” At the same time, on June 19, a few weeks after the election, an amnesty was declared in Armenia, which meant, in particular, the release of the convicted participants in the March 2008 riots. Thus, one of the main demands of the opposition was satisfied.

In the parliamentary elections in 2012 , the Armenian National Congress party won 7 seats in the National Assembly of Armenia , Ter-Petrosyan headed the list, but refused the mandate.

In the 2013 presidential election in Armenia, Ter-Petrosyan refused to run by age. He explained: “As far as I know, so far no one has raised the question of whether a person who respects his people can apply for the presidency at the age of 68. In developed democracies, this usually does not happen ” ^[6] .

Since the beginning of 2014, the parties of the Armenian National Congress (ANC), Prosperous Armenia, Heritage and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation “Dashnaktsutyun” began to cooperate closely on all domestic political and social issues, in particular, joint meetings are organized against the new pension reform carried out by the RA government. On March 1, 2014, speaking at a rally of the Armenian National Congress, Levon Ter-Petrosyan announces the creation of the “magnificent four” political union, which in particular included all the powerless factions of the Armenian National Assembly, including the party headed by Ter-Petrosyan. On April 1, 2014, the “magnificent four” announced their intention on April 28 to declare a vote of no confidence in the Government, and in this regard, on April 28-30, the four non-power forces will hold round-the-clock rallies. On April 3, the Prime Minister of Armenia resigns, a new government is formed.

On October 10, 2014, the ANC party led by L. Ter-Petrosyan took part in a rally against the internal politics of the ruling government ^[7] .

In 2016, Ter-Petrosyan was diagnosed with intestinal cancer, he underwent treatment in the United States ^[8] .

In 2019, Ter-Petrosyan won a case in the European Court of Human Rights on the dispersal of a rally of his supporters in 2008. ^[9]

Father - Hakob Petrovich Ter-Petrosyan (1908 - 1994).

Mother - Azatui Petrovna Ter-Petrosyan (1915 - 2003).

Brothers - Telman, Camo and Petros. Sister - Astghik.

Wife - Lyudmila Froimovna Ter-Petrosyan (n. - Pleskovskaya) - German philologist. Born December 20, 1947 in Leningrad. Founder and leader of the all-Armenian Union of Women, a non-governmental organization working to protect the rights of women and children.

Father-in-law Froim Abramovich Pleskovsky (1913 -?), Was an officer, a participant in the Finnish and World War II.

Mother-in-law - Haya Shmulevna Perel, was a doctor, took part in the defense of Leningrad.

Son - David Levonovich Ter-Petrosyan - economist.

Daughter-in-law - Ter-Petrosyan (nee. - Shakhnazaryan) Lilit - Orientalist, specialist in Semitic languages, teaches at YSU.

Grandchildren - Levon (b. 1998), Hakob (b. 2003) and Lyudmila (b. 2005).

Scientific Papers

Books

1. "Eastern Martyrs" of Abraham the Confessor. Textual research, Yerevan, 1976, 204 pp. (in Armenian). Reviews: G. Melkonyan, "Bulletin of Social Sciences" AN Arm. SSR, 1977, No. 5, p. 109–110 (in Armenian); Michel van Esbroeck. Abraham le Confesseur (Ve s.) Traducteur des passions des martyrs perses, à propos d'un livre récent.– “Analecta Bollandiana”, t. 95, Bruxelles, 1977, p. 169–179.
2. Anonymous Edessa, Chronicle. Translation from the original, foreword and notes, “Foreign sources about Armenia and Armenians, vol. 12: Syrian sources II. "Yerevan, 1982, 266 p. (in Armenian). Reviews]. G. Melkonyan, "Bulletin of Social Sciences" AN Arm. SSR, 1983, No. 6, p. 96–98 (in Armenian); G. Dédéyan. Revue des Études Arméniennes, NS, t. XVII, Paris, 1983, p. 658–662.
3. Ancient Armenian translation literature, “Sovetakan Grokh Publishing House”, Yerevan, 1984, 60 p. (in Armenian).
4. Ancient Armenian translation literature. Yerevan, 1984, 52 p.
5. La litterature arménienne ancienne de traduction, trad. franç. par Aïda Tcharkhtchyan, Erevan 1984, 48 p.
6. Textes Arméniens relatifs à S. Éphrem, édités par Lévon Ter-Pétrossian, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, vol. 473: Scriptores Armeniaci, tomus 15, Lovanii, in Aedibus E. Peeters, 1985, 123 p.
7. Textes Arméniens relatifs à S. Éphrem, trad. franç par Bernard Outtier, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, vol. 474: Scriptores Armeniaci, tomus 16, Lovanii, in Aedibus E. Peeters, 1985.
8. The role of the Syrians in the cultural life of Cilician Armenia in the 12th – 13th centuries, “Bazmavep Armenological Library”, vol. 28, Venice - St. Lazarus, 1989, 89 pp. (in Armenian); French summary: 81–86).
9. Ancient Armenian Translations (English and Western Armenian translations of the book “Ancient Armenian Translation Literature”, translators: Archpriest Grigor Magsutian and Nubar Kupelyan), St. Vartan Press, New York City, 1992, 112 p.
10. Lectures on Armenian church literature of the 5th century (Didaskalia of St. Gregory the Illuminator, Achakhapatum Collection, Gomiliya John Mandakuni, "Refutation of the Canons of the Chalcedon Cathedral" by Timofei Elur), publisher: Archbishop Yeznik Petrosyan, Sochi, 1993, 80 pp. (in Armenian).
11. Book of Psalms, translation from Old Armenian, “New East Armenian translation of the Old and New Testaments of the Bible”, St. Etchmiadzin, 1994, p. 735–832 (in Armenian).
12. The Armenian-Syriac cultural relations, translated by Boghos Sarajian, Sidawi Printing House, Damascus - Syria, 1997, 253 p. (Arabic translation of the book "Eastern Martyrs" by Abraham the Confessor. Textual study ").
13. Crusaders and Armenians, Volume 1: Research (p. 3–140), translations from French and English (p. 141–411), notes (p. 413–467), appendix (p. 469–484), “Armenian Library Galust Gulbengyan Foundation ”, Yerevan, 2005, 551 pp. (in Armenian).

[Reviews]: Toros Toranyan, “Ararat” weekly, Beirut, No. 23–29, 12/12/2005 (in Armenian); Azat Bozoyan, “Arach” newspaper, Paris, June 4, 2006 (in Armenian); Azat Bozoyan, “Historical and Philological Journal”, Yerevan, 2006, No. 1, p. 309-313 (in Armenian); G. Harutyunyan, “Bulletin of Social Sciences” of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 2006, No. 3, p. 245–248 (in Armenian).

1. Crusaders and Armenians, Volume 2: Historical and Political Research - The Law of Succession and the Legitimacy of Power in Cilician Armenia, “Armenian Library of the Galust Gyulbengyan Foundation”, Yerevan, 2007, 672 p. (in Armenian).

[Review]: Azat Bozoyan, “Historical and Philological Journal”, Yerevan, 2007, No. 3, p. 220–230 (in Armenian).

1. Ancient Armenian Translations, translated from Armenian by professor of Hokkaido University Toda Satoshi, Tokyo, 2013, 25 p. (Japanese translation of the book “Ancient Armenian Translation Literature”).

Articles

1. Abraham the Confessor and his literary heritage, "Etchmiadzin", 1971, No. 3, p. 56–63 (in Armenian).
2. The place of Miles's life in the collection of Maruta Mayferkatsky. - “VII annual scientific session of the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences (short reports).” M.–L., 1971, p. 38–40.
3. Life of Miles and his translations. - “Bulletin of Social Sciences” AN Arm. SSR, 1971, No. 10, p. 45–53.
4. Collection of Maruta Mayferkatsky as a historical and literary monument (problems of source study) .– Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences. L., 1972.
5. Two Syrian hagiographic monuments known by the Armenian translation (Martyriy Iazdanduht and Martyri Bardisho) .– “Palestinian Collection”, issue. # (88). L., 1974, p. 144-151.
6. Phonetics of the Middle Armenian language according to Syrian sources, “Historical and Philological Journal”, Yerevan, 1974, No. 3, p. 139–154 (in Armenian).
7. The Armenian translation of the Psalms and its archetype, "Etchmiadzin", 1975, No. 1, p. 41-51, No. 4, p. 37–45, No. 6, p. 58–64, No. 9, p. 49–57, 1976, No. 8/9, p. 22-24 (in Armenian).
8. On the meaning of the preface to the collection of Maruta Mayferkatsky - “The Ancient East”, No. 2. Yerevan, 1976, p. 238–250, summary in English, p. 310.
9. "Elegy of the fall of Edessa" by Nerses Schnorali and Syrian literature of the era, in the book. “Nerses Schnorali, collection of articles”, Yerevan, 1977, p. 201–211 (in Armenian).
10. On the meaning of the ancient Armenian translations of the works of Ephraim the Syrian. - “Conference on the history of medieval writing and books. Abstracts. " Yerevan, 1977, p. 93–94.
11. On the issue of dating the “History of Taron” (regarding the book of K. V. Ayvazyan). - “Bulletin of the Yerevan University”, 1977, No. 3, p. 143-159. [Review]: Patrick Donabédian. "Revue des Études Arméniennes", NS 14, Paris, 1980, p. 481–482.
12. Characteristic features of the initial period of the Armenian-Syrian literary relations. “Abstracts of the III All-Union Conference of Semitologists dedicated to the memory of Acad. G. V. Tsereteli. " Tbilisi, 1977, p. 98–99.
13. Madras Ephraim the Syrian. Textual Specification, Andes Amsorea, No. 92, Vienna, 1978, p. 15–48 (in Armenian).
14. “The History of Taron” in the Light of “Criticism” by K.V. Ayvazyan. - “Literary Armenia”, 1978, No. 2, p. 102-108. [Review]: Patrick Donabédian. "Revue des Études Arméniennes", NS 14, Paris, 1980, p. 481–482.
15. "The Life of St. Daniel of Galash", attributed to Jacob of Seruga, "Etchmiadzin", 1979, No. 3, p. 22–40 (in Armenian).
16. L'attribution du recueil des passions des martyrs perses à Maroutha de Maypherqat. - "Analecta Bollandiana", t. 97, Bruxelles, 1979, p. 129-130.
17. Armenians in medieval Nisibin and in the southern regions of Great Armenia, “Historical and Philological Journal”, Yerevan, 1979, No. 3, p. 80–92 (in Armenian).
18. The largest researcher of the Armenian-Syrian relations - Yervand Ter-Minasyan, “Echmiadzin”, 1980, No. 2–3, p. 64–69 (in Armenian).
19. Mashtots traditions and the Armenian mission in the country of the Huns according to Zachary Ritor, “Historical and Philological Journal”, Yerevan, 1981, No. 1, p. 107–119 (in Armenian).
20. The archetype of the Armenian translation “Catechez” by Cyril of Jerusalem, “Etchmiadzin”, 1981, No. 11-12, p. 42–48 (in Armenian).
21. The experience of periodization of the ancient Armenian translated literature, "Etchmiadzin", 1982, No. 4, p. 45–52 (in Armenian).
22. "Interpretation of the Eighth Book" by Eusebius of Emesa and questions of the theory of translation in the Armenian literature of the 5th century, "Historical and Philological Journal", Yerevan, 1982, No. 4, p. 56–68 (in Armenian).
23. Thoughtful historian and charming man - Hayk Melkonyan, “Etchmiadzin”, 1983, No. 1, p. 57–60 (in Armenian).
24. The archetype of the Armenian translation of Shestodnev by Vasily Kesariysky, Historical and Philological Journal, Yerevan, 1983, No. 2–3, p. 264–278 (in Armenian).
25. Echoes of "Didaskalia Gregory the Illuminator" in the art of khachkars, "Etchmiadzin", 1984, No. 4, p. 47-51 (in Armenian).
26. Chapter IX of the book of Daniel, translated from Syriac to Armenian in the 5th century, “Herald of the Matenadaran”, vol. 14, Yerevan, 1984, p. 187–194 (in Armenian).
27. La plus ancienne traduction arménienne des Chroniques: Étude préliminaire. - "Revue des Études Arméniennes", NS 18, Paris, 1984, p. 215–225.
28. Monuments of the ancient Armenian translated literature: introductory article to the book: “The Book of Genesis, a critical text prepared by A.S. Zeytunyan ”, Yerevan, 1985, p. 5–78 (in Armenian).
29. Syrian sources of "Didaskalia Gregory the Illuminator", "Bulletin of Matenadaran", vol. 15, Yerevan, 1986, p. 95–109 (in Armenian).
30. Syro-Armenian literary relations in the 4th – 5th centuries (The Role of Syrian Literature in the Formation of Ancient Armenian Literature) .– Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philology. L., 1986, 34 p.
31. Greek and Syrian literary monuments preserved in ancient Armenian translations. - In the book: Armenian and Russian medieval literature. Yerevan, 1986, p. 57–75.
32. On the methodology of studying classical Armenian translations from Syriac. - “Abstracts of the International Conference on Medieval Armenian Literature”. Yerevan, 1986, p. 202–203.
33. The role of the Syrians in the cultural life of Cilician Armenia in the 12th – 13th centuries, Bazmavep, Venice, 1987, p. 122–161 (in Armenian).
34. Armenian translation of the life of sv. Heraclides of Cyprus "Etchmiadzin", 1987, No. 9-10, p. 102–104 (in Armenian).
35. Syrian version of Agafangel (Armenian translation, introduction and notes), "Etchmiadzin", 1987, No. 11-12, p. 83–89; 1988, No. 5-6, p. 44-54; 1989, No. 4-6, p. 90–99 (in Armenian).
36. Syrian sources on Armenian-Syrian relations in the 12th – 13th centuries, “Bazmavep”, Venice, 1988, p. 112–154 (in Armenian). Summary in French - p. 149-154.
37. On the occasion of the 1500th anniversary of “History of Armenia” by Movses Khorenatsi, “Hayastani Hanrapetutiun” newspaper, 10.10.1991. Reprint: Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Favorites, Yerevan, 2006, p. 235–239 ​​(in Armenian).
38. Foreword “Levon Khachikyan, Interpretation of Genesis Yeghishe”, Yerevan, 1992, p. 7–18 (in Armenian).
39. Préface du livre "Claude Mutafian, Le royaume arménien de Cilicie. XIIe – XIVe siècle ”, Paris, 1993, p. 8–11.
40. “The Interpretation of Job” by Ephraim the Syrian as the Source of Eznik Kokhbatsi, “Herald of the Matenadaran,” 16, Yerevan, 1994, p. 7–15 (in Armenian).
41. Monuments of the ancient Armenian translated literature, “Paykar” (magazine), Yerevan, 1996, No. 7–8, p. 6-21. Reprint from: “Genesis, critical text prepared by A.S. Zeytunyan ”, Yerevan, 1985, p. 29–78 (in Armenian).
42. Cultural-historical value and scientific value of the Armenian translation of the Bible, “Biblical Armenia: a collection of materials of an international conference”, Yerevan, 2005, p. 454-460. Reprint from: “Genesis, critical text prepared by A.S. Zeytunyan ”, Yerevan, 1985, p. 29–40 (in Armenian).
43. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia, the Hayastani Hanrapetutyun newspaper, 05/26/1994. Reprint: Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Favorites, Yerevan, 2006, p. 411-416 (in Armenian).
44. On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of Yerevan State University, “Hayastani Hanrapetutyun” newspaper, 10/12/1994. Reprint: Levon Ter-Petrosyan, And

Favorites, Yerevan, 2006, p. 439–443 (in Armenian).

Reviews

1. Monuments of Armenian hagiography, vol. I, translation from ancient Armenian, introductory articles and notes by K. S. Ter-Davtyan. Yerevan, 1973, 328 p. - The Palestinian Collection, vol. 25 (88). L., 1974, p. 183–185.
2. Foreign sources about Armenia and Armenians, v. 8. Syrian sources, vol. 1, translation from the original, foreword and notes by G. G. Melkonyan. Yerevan, 1976, 478 p. (in Armenian) - “The Byzantine temporary”, vol. 39. M., 1978, p. 259-260.
3. GUY LAFONTAINE. La version arménienne des oeuvres d'Aphraate le Syrien, "Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium" 382, ​​Arm. 7 (texte), 383, Arm. 8 (traduction), Louvain, 1977, “Historical and Philological Journal”, Yerevan, 1978, No. 2, p. 242–244 (in Armenian).
4. LOUIS LELOIR. Paterica armeniaca a PP Mechitaristis edita (1855) nunc latine reddita, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, t. I (vol. 353 Subs. 42), 1974; t. II (vol. 361 Subs. 43), 1975; t. III (vol. 371 Subs. 47), 1976, t. IV (vol. 379 Subs. 51), Louvain, 1976, “Historical and Philological Journal”, Yerevan, 1979, No. 1, p. 255–257 (in Armenian).
5. Moses Khorenatsci, History of the Armenians. Translation and Commentary on the Literary Sources by Robert W. Thomson. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 1978, Historical and Philological Journal, Yerevan, 1980, No. 1, p. 268–270 (in Armenian).
6. Prof. Thomson's Edition of Khorenatsi Reviewed in Armenia. - “Armenian Mirror-Spectator”, Boston, 21 Febr. 1981 (English translation of a previous review).
7. IRÉNÉE DE LYON. Nouveaux fragments arméniens de l'Adversus Haereses et de l'Epideixis. Introduction, traduction latine et notes par Charles Renoux . "F. Graffin, Patrologia Orientalis ", t. Xxxix, fasc. 1, No 178, Brepols, Turnhout / Belgique, 1978, Historical and Philological Journal, Yerevan, 1981, No. 4, p. 300-301 (in Armenian).
8. PHILON D'ALEXANDRIE, Quaestiones et Solutiones in Genesim, I et II, e versione armeniaca. Introduction, traduction et notes par Charles Mercier, "Les oeuvres de Philon d'Alexandrie, publiées sous le patronage de l'Université de Lyon. 34A ", Paris, 1979," Historical and Philological Journal ", Yerevan, 1981, No. 4, p. 302–303 (in Armenian).
9. FOLKER SIEGERT. Drei hellenistisch-jüdische Predigten. Ps-Philon: Über Jona Über Simson und Über die Gottesbezeichnung, wohltätig verzehrendes Feuer philological journal ”, Yerevan, 1981, No. 4, p. 303–304 (in Armenian).
10. GERARD GARITTE, Scripta disciecta (1941–1977), t. I – II (Publications de l'Institut Orientaliste de Louvain, 21–22), Louvain, 1980, XXIX + 817 p., “Historical and Philological Journal”, Yerevan, 1984, No. 1, p. 196–199 (in Armenian).
11. CLAUDE E. COX. The Armenian Translation of Deuteronomy (University of Pennsylvania. Armenian Texts and Studies, 2), Scholars Press, Chico, California, 1981, XXIV + 415 p., “Historical and Philological Journal”, Yerevan, 1984, No. 1, p. 199–202 (in Armenian).
12. GABRIELE WINKLER. Das Armenische Initiationsrituale, Entwicklungsgeschichtliche und liturgievergleichende Untersuchung der Quellen des 3.bis 10. Jahrhunderts (Orientalia Christiana Analecta, 217), Roma, 1982, 476 S., “History and Philology Journal”, Yerevan, 1984, No. 1, p. 203–205 (in Armenian).
13. Genres of Armenian medieval literature. Yerevan, 1984.– “Literary Armenia”, 1985, No. 8, p. 99-104.
14. HÉSYCHIUS DE JÉRUSALEM. Homélies sur Job. Version arménienne. Edition, introduction et notes par Charles Renoux, traduction par Charles Mercier et Charles Renoux. - In: F. Graffin, Patrologia Orientalis, t. 42, fasc. 1–2, No. 190–191, Brepols, Turnhout / Belgique, 1983, 612 p., “History and Philology Journal”, Yerevan, 1987, No. 4, p. 210–214 (in Armenian).
15. CHARLES RENOUX. La Chaîne arménienne sur les Epîtres Catholiques. I. La Chaîne sur l'Epître de Jacques. - In: F. Graffin, Patrologia Orientalis, t. 43, fasc. 1, No. 193, Brepols, Turnhout / Belgique, 1985, 160 p., “Historical and Philological Journal”, Yerevan, 1987, No. 4, p. 214–217 (in Armenian).
16. CLAUDE E. COX, Hexaplaric Materials Preserved in the Armenian Version. - Society of Biblical Literature. Septuagint and Cognate Studies Series, 21.– Scholars Press, Atlanta, Georgia, 1986, XV + 236 p., “History and Philology Journal”, Yerevan, 1987, No. 4, p. 217–220 (in Armenian).
17. E.N. Meshcherskaya. The Legend of Avgar is an early Syrian literary monument (Historical roots in the evolution of the apocryphal legend). M., 1984, 250 pp. - “Palestinian Collection,” vol. 29 (92). L., 1987, p. 179–182.

Edited Books

1. “Nerses Schnorali”: collection of articles, Yerevan, 1977 (in Armenian).
2. K.S. Ter-Davtyan, Armenian hagiography of the 11th – 15th centuries, Yerevan, 1980 (in Armenian).
3. "Six Day" by Vasily Kesariysky: A critical text of the ancient Armenian translation, prepared for publication by Kim Muradyan, Yerevan, 1984 (in Armenian).
4. Genesis: A critical text of the ancient Armenian translation, prepared for publication by A.S. Zeytunyan, Yerevan, 1985 (in Armenian).
5. P.P. Antabyan, Vardan Areveltsi: life and work, book I, Yerevan, 1987 (in Armenian).
6. P.P. Antabyan, Vardan Areveltsi: life and activity, Book II, Yerevan, 1989 (in Armenian).
7. E.N. Meshcherskaya, Acts of Judah Thomas (cultural and historical condition of the early Syrian legend), Moscow, “Science”, Main Edition of Oriental Literature, 1990, 243 p.
8. Levon Khachikyan, “Interpretation of Being” Yeghishe, Yerevan, 1992 (in Armenian).
9. The prophecy of Jeremiah, translation from the ancient Armenian Poghos of Khachatryan, “New East Armenian translation of the Old and New Testaments of the Bible”, St. Etchmiadzin, 1994, p. 1154–1257 (in Armenian).

Unpublished

(full or half-finished monographs, articles and reports, in typescript and manuscript, stored in the “Archive of the First President of Armenia”)

1. Syro-Armenian literary relations in the 4th – 5th centuries (the role of Syrian culture in the formation of ancient Armenian literature): doctoral dissertation, 467 p.
2. Syrofilian Armenian language (Syrian influence on the classical Armenian language), 300 p.
3. Armenian-Syrian bibliography, 200 p. (in Armenian).
4. The oldest Armenian translation of the “Church History” of Eusebius of Caesarea.
5. On the identification of Andreas of the Byzantine and the circumstances of the Armenian translation of his "Easter".
6. To the question of the archetype of the Armenian translation of the "Messages" of Ignatius of Antioch.
7. Greek Apocrypha translated into Armenian from Syriac.
8. About two Greek literary monuments allegedly translated from Syriac into Armenian: a. List of participants of the Nicene Council; b. "Interpretation of the Gospel of John" by John Chrysostom.
9. Linguistic and textological characteristics of the Armenian translation of the collection of homilies Afraat (in Armenian).
10. Armenian translation of the homilies of Zinovy ​​of Amid, a student of Ephraim the Syrian.
11. Armenian translations of the works of Ephraim the Syrian. Textual and bibliographic review.
12. The Armenian translation of the “Book of Faith” by Ephraim the Syrian: a preface and a critical text, co-authored by French armenian Bernard Utier.
13. The Armenian translation of Ezekiel's Interpretations by Ephraim the Syrian: Preface and Critical Text.
14. Classical Armenian translations of Syrian apocrypha.
15. The use of the Seleucid chronology in the ancient Armenian literature (in Armenian).
16. Medieval assessment of the Armenian-Syrian relations (in Armenian).
17. Armenian translation of the Syrian life of Abraham Kidun: a preface and a critical text.
18. The role of the Syrian monastery Dzhaukat (Gavikat) in the relations of the Cilician Armenian kingdom with the Jacobite church (in Armenian).
19. About one specific construction of the future tense of the verb in Armenian translations from Syriac (in Armenian).
20. The study of scientific and philosophical monuments of the ancient Armenian translated literature in the Soviet era (in Armenian).
21. On the methodology of teaching the discipline “Armenian Church Literature” (in Armenian).
22. Armenia and Syria in the 3rd – 14th centuries (in Armenian).
23. Manifestations of “bias” in Armenian translations of the 5th century (report).
24. Characteristic features of the initial period of the Armenian-Syrian literary relations (report).
25. On the meaning of the ancient Armenian translations of the works of Ephraim the Syrian (report).
26. Syriac Manuscripts of Matenadaran: Short Description (in Armenian and Russian).
27. Notes on the General Catalog of the Manuscripts of Matenadaran (in Armenian).

Socio-Political Works

(Of the thousands of publications scattered in a multilingual press, this list includes only those materials that are presented by collections and separate brochures)

1. Election Program, Yerevan, 1996, 16 pp. (in Armenian).
2. War or Peace ?, Shem Conservative Library, vol. 4, Yerevan, 2001, 36 p. (in Armenian).
3. The future is knocking on the door, Shem Conservative Library, no. 10, Yerevan, 2002, 40 p. (in Armenian).
4. Favorites. Speeches, articles, interviews: 1983-1998, Yerevan, 2006, 728 p. (in Armenian).
5. Anatomy and Mechanics of Bandocracy, Armat Center Publication, Yerevan, 2007, 42 pp. (in Armenian).
6. Anatomy of the “Bandocracy”, Yerevan, 2007, 28 pp.
7. The anatomy of "Bandocracy". Engl. transl. by Alexander Arzoumanian and Melissa Brown, Yerevan, 2007, 26 p.
8. Friendly conversation, Yerevan, 2007, 32 p. (in Armenian).
9. Friendly conversation, Yerevan, 2007, 25 pp.
10. A friendly talk. Engl. transl. by Alexander Arzoumanian and Melissa Brown, Yerevan, 2007, 23 p.
11. History, Ideology, Typology, Yerevan, 2007, 42 pp. (in Armenian).
12. History, ideology, typology, Yerevan, 2007, 32 pp.
13. History, Ideology, Typology. Engl. transl. by Alexander Arzoumanian and Melissa Brown. Yerevan, 2007, 30 p.
14. Pre-election program or leisurely reflection, Yerevan, 2008, 32 p. (in Armenian).
15. Pre-election program or leisurely reflection, Yerevan, 2008, 32 p.
16. Speech at the Congress of the National Movement, Yerevan, 2008, 34 p. (in Armenian).
17. Return. Speeches, interviews, press conferences: 2007–2009, Yerevan, 2009, 380 pp. (in Armenian).
18. Armenian-Turkish relations, Yerevan, 2009, 96 pp. (in Armenian).
19. Armenian genocide. A view from the point of view of statehood, Yerevan, 2015, 160 pp. (in Armenian).
20. Confrontation. Speeches, articles, interviews: 2009–2015 (in Armenian, in press).

Vazgen Manukyan / August 13, 1990 - November 22, 1991 /

Gagik Harutyunyan / November 22, 1991 - July 30, 1992 /

Khosrov Harutyunyan / July 30, 1992 - February 2, 1993 /

Hrant Bagratyan / February 2, 1993 - November 4, 1996 /

Armen Sargsyan / November 4, 1996 - March 20, 1997 /

Robert Kocharian / March 20, 1997 - April 9, 1998 /

• 2002 : “ Manuscript of Independence ”, The manuscript of Independence - director Mkrtchyan Levon Gaykovich [1]
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EERMf2jdMlc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCOGxwGooHE

• Official Levon for President 2008 campaign website
• Levon Ter-Petrosyan: it is necessary to dismantle the criminal structure of power. Interview. Kommersant, December 6, 2007
• Biography
• [2]