Gallipol peninsula (Gallipolian peninsula, Gallipoli; tour. Gelibolu , Greek Καλλίπολις ; in ancient times - Thracian Chersonesos ) - a peninsula in the European part of Turkey , between the Saros Gulf of the Aegean Sea and the Dardanelles Strait. The length is about 90 km (from the south-west to the northeast), its width is up to 20 km, and its height is up to 420 m.
| Gallipol peninsula | |
|---|---|
| tour. Gelibolu , Greek Καλλίπολις | |
 Strait of the Dardanelles | |
| Specifications | |
| Highest point | 420 m |
| Location | |
| Water area | Mediterranean Sea |
| A country |
|
Administratively part of the Chanakkale silt , historically and geographically - in the region of Eastern Thrace . On the coast of the Dardanelles is the city of Gelibolu (the old name of which is Gallipoli; 29,276 inhabitants in 2016).
Content
History and Title
In ancient times, the Gallipoli peninsula was better known as Thracian Chersonesos ( ancient Greek Χερσoνησoς ςραικια ). Known and the city of Chersonese Thracian , founded by the Athenians in the VI century BC. er and associated with the name Miltiades . The name “Kallipol” (later converted into “Gallipoli”) first appears during the time of the last Macedonian kings , in the II century BC. er Most likely, its value is “the city at the strait” ( ancient-Greek κλείς “strait” and πόλις “city”).
In the Middle Ages, Gallipoli was of great importance as a place where Venetian and Genoese merchants stored their goods. In 1190, an army of crusaders led by Frederick Barbarossa was transported here to Asia Minor . In 1204, the city was captured by the Venetians . In 1306 - besieged, devastated and destroyed by the Catalans . In 1352, due to a strong earthquake, the fortifications of Kallipol were seriously damaged, and it was occupied by the Ottomans - this was the first city captured by the Turks in Europe.
In 1366, the Pope declared a crusade against the Turk, which was led by Amadeus IV of Savoy . On August 23, 1366, the crusaders won the city, returning it to Byzantium on June 14, 1367 [1] . The latter, however, was already too weak to hold these territories. In 1376, the emperor Andronicus IV transferred the peninsula to the Turks. This gift contributed to the enrichment of the Ottoman state at the fees from transit trade.
In 1416, between the Lampsac and Gallipoli, the Venetian fleet won a naval victory over the Turks. The military significance of Gallipoli was based on the ability to cut off communications both by sea and by land. In 1864, French engineers designed a number of fortifications, erected on Gallipoli, in 1877, renovated and reinforced.
In the First World War , during the Dardanelles operation (1915), heavy battles were fought between the troops of the Entente and the Ottoman troops on the peninsula.
In 1920-1921, the units of the Russian Army, General P. N. Wrangel, were stationed on the Gallipol Peninsula. The Russian military camp in Gallipoli turned into a military center of white emigration . On November 22, 1921, the Gallipoli Society was established in Gallipoli , one of the most active military anti-communist organizations of the white abroad.
The peninsula is one of the sacred places in Turkey, there are many monuments on it, for example, the Monument of Martyrs who died during the war.
See also
- Gallipoli (film)
- Dardanelles operation
- Gallipoli Society
- Gallipoli seat
Notes
Literature
- Gallipoli cross of the Russian army. Novosibirsk, Siberian Free-Backbone, 2009.