Fraud

For the crimes of the rich, they often use the term "white-collar crime" proposed by E. Sutherland. They designate such mercenary crimes that mostly wealthy people can commit: tax evasion, illegal trade transactions, fraud with securities and land property, embezzlement, the manufacture and sale of life-threatening products, environmental pollution.

As a result of the takeover of a large number of companies in the United States, large firms formed - conglomerates, consisting of enterprises that do not have any functional connections between themselves. Their appearance is associated with various kinds of speculation, fraud and fraud , in which many banks and mutual funds participated. The crisis that erupted in 1969 affected conglomerates, forcing them to sell off part of their assets.

Polish: machinacja - machinations, machinations, French: machination - machinations, cunning; intrigues, machinations Latin: machinatio - cunning, ruse, trick; a skillful device, mechanism, from machinor - to invent, plot, from machina - a device; reception, trick, cunning. Greek mekhane (dor. Makhana ) - fiction, trick; gun, car.

This is one of the largest frauds to demonstrate the meaning of the word. George Baldwin Selden (1846-1922), lawyer from Rochester, Michigan.

In the late 1870s, he announced the invention of a “street locomotive”. If you believe Selden, he conceived a self-propelled crew during the Civil War in the United States, but did not translate his plan into a real design. Perhaps that is why, having submitted the first patent application already in 1877, he was able to receive the latter only after eighteen years in 1895, when everyone could make sure that such toys really ride. However, he was very knowledgeable in the laws and his last application was formulated so filigree that almost any car was suitable for it.

Selden patented the design of the car, as such, with a description of the general layout and principles of operation: in patent No. 549.160 in particular, it was said that "a horseless carriage with light wheels and a boot, easy to drive and generating enough energy for its movement" was invented.
The consequences were fantastic. In 1903, as a result of the trial, the court not only forced one company to pay Selden a fee for a patent, but also ordered the automakers to create an association to regulate the use of the patent. Members of the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers (ALAM), soon founded, acquired a patent from Selden and were required to pay 1.25% of the proceeds to its owner. from each car sale, including import. There was still no "Selden's car", but the legalist's old age was clearly provided.

It is interesting that automakers have come to terms with this legalized outrage.

• Diversification - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .