Leader, Alexander Savvich

Born in the family of a poor peasant .

He studied at a rural school, at the Pronsky city school, then at Ryazan gymnasium No. 2 (now No. 7). In 1910 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University , but already in 1911 he was expelled from the university and expelled from Moscow for participating in revolutionary speeches of students. In 1912, at the request of Professor N. A. Umov, he was reinstated at the university and after graduating in 1916 he was left to prepare for the professorship. ^[2] While studying at the university, he began scientific work in the former laboratory of Lebedev P. N. under the guidance of P. P. Lazarev . In 1919, he successfully passed master's exams and was hired as an assistant. Professor at Moscow University since 1930. In 1937-1946, Dean of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University and Director of the Research Institute of Physics at Moscow University. During this period, on his initiative, a number of new departments were created at the Physics Department of Moscow State University, including the Department of Mathematics. Since 1938, in parallel, heads the laboratory for combustion physics at the Energy Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences .

In 1944, he came into open conflict with I.E. Tamm and opposed his election to the post of head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Physics Department of Moscow State University . On his side was the conservative majority of the Academic Council ^[3] . This confrontation led to a critical situation when a letter was written by 14 academicians . The situation that developed was developed in July 1944, when a letter was written by four academicians to V.M. Molotov , in which scientists signed by academician A.F. Ioffe called for the replacement of A.S. Predvoditelev. In 1946, A. S. Predvoditelev was replaced by S. T. Konobeevsky .

A. S. Predvoditelev was buried in Moscow at the Vvedensky cemetery ^[4] .

The main works relate to the field of molecular physics , hydrodynamics and heat physics, to the study of combustion processes, the propagation of waves in liquid and gas media, the problems of gas dynamics of reacting media, the physical properties of liquids and others. He took part in theoretical and experimental studies of the combustion process. He developed the theory of heterogeneous combustion, widely used in technology, that established the relationship between the chemical and physical processes that cause carbon combustion. In the field of homogeneous combustion, he created a very fruitful method that develops the ideas of V. A. Michelson . He developed a method for describing acoustic dispersion in liquids and gases, which turned out to be very effective in solving many problems of physical acoustics .

In 1957-1962 he created the multi-volume detailed “Tables of thermodynamic functions of air” containing the values ​​of gas-dynamic and thermodynamic quantities for air at temperatures up to 20,000 ° K and pressures from 0.001 to 1000 atm.

The initiator of the publication and the author of several articles in the collection "Essays on the Development of Physics in Russia".

Published 3 monographs and about 200 articles:

Books

• The process of burning coal. The mechanism of carbon combustion and ways to intensify the burning of solid fuels / Ed. A. S. Predvoditeleva. - M.-L .: GONTI, 1938 .-- 132 p.
• Predvoditelev A. S., Khitrin L. N., Tsukhanova O. A., Kolodtsev X. I., Grozdovsky M. K. “Carbon burning”. - M .; L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1949.
• “Tables of thermodynamic functions of air (for temperatures from 6000 ° to 12,000 ° K and pressures from 0.001 to 1000 atm.)”. - M., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1957 (jointly with E.V. Stupochenko, I.P. Stakhanov, E.V. Samuilov, A.S. Pleshanov, I. B. Rozhdestvensky).
• “Tables of thermodynamic functions of air (for temperatures from 12,000 ° to 20,000 ° K and pressures from 0.001 to 1000 atm.)”. - M., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1959 (jointly with E.V. Stupochenko, E.V. Samuilov, A.S. Pleshanov, I. B. Rozhdestvensky).
• “Tables of gas-dynamic and thermodynamic values ​​of air flow behind a direct shock wave.” - M., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1959 (jointly with E.V. Stupochenko, E.V. Samuilov, A.S. Pleshanov, I. B. Rozhdestvensky).
• "Graphs of thermodynamic functions of air." - M., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960 (jointly with E.V. Stupochenko, E.V. Samuilov, A.S. Pleshanov, I. B. Rozhdestvensky).

Articles

• "On the relationship between thermal conductivity, heat capacity and viscosity for liquid bodies", Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 1934, v. 4, no. one.
• Predvoditelev A.S., Tsukhanova O.A. Combustion of the walls of the coal channel during the forced diffusion of oxygen // Journal of Technical Physics. - 1940. - T. 10. - No. 13. - S. 1113-1120.
• Predvoditelev A. S. On the theory of the burnout of a coal channel // Journal of Technical Physics. - 1941. - T. XI. - No. 10. - S. 893–901.
• Predvoditelev A. S. On the issue of gas generation during the combustion of coal in a layer // Izvestiya AN SSSR. Department of Technical Sciences. - 1947. - No. 10. - S. 1329-1340.
• Predvoditelev A. S. On the law of Arrhenius in the chemical kinetics of gas reactions // DAN SSSR. - 1947. - T. 57. - No. 7. - S. 685-688.
• “On fluctuations and statistical systems”, Bulletin of Moscow University, 1948, No. 4.
• Predvoditelev A. S. "On the molecular kinetic substantiation of the equations of hydrodynamics", Izvestiya AN SSSR. Sep. tech. Sciences, 1948, No. 4, p. 545.
• Predvoditelev A. S. “On the thermal motion in condensed matter and on their equation of state”, Vestnik Mosk. un-that, ser. "Physics", 1949, No. 3, p. 49.
• Predvoditelev A.S. On the rates of chemical reactions in turbulent flows (the main provisions of the theory) // IFZh. - 1960. - T. 3. - No. 11. - S. 3-10.

• Leader Alexander Savvich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
• Profile of Alexander Savvich Predvoditelev on the official website of the RAS
• Hramov Yu. A. Predvoditelev Aleksandr Savvich // Physicists: Biographical Reference / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- S. 221. - 400 p. - 200,000 copies. (in per.)
• Autobiography of A. S. Predvoditelev (inaccessible link)
• Alexander Savvich Predvoditelev (On the occasion of the 80th birthday) . / Bazarov I.P., Vlasov A.A. , Pomerantsev A.A. et al. // Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk , 1971. - V. 105, no. 3. - S. 611-612. (Retrieved January 2, 2012)
• In memory of Alexander Savvich Predvoditelev (obituary) . / Vlasov A.A., Pomerantsev A.A. et al. // Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, 1975. - V. 115, no. 3. - S. 538-541. (Retrieved January 2, 2012)
• Photo with graduates of the physics department of Moscow State University in 1939
• Bazarov I.P., Soloviev A.A. Alexander Savvich Leaders. - M .: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1985 .-- 158 p.
• Leader Alexander Savvich (neopr.) . Chronicle of Moscow University . Date of appeal April 9, 2018.