Bulanov, Pavel Petrovich

Born in the family of a watchman (forester) ^[3] in the village of Insar, Penza province ^{[K 1]} . In 1916, at the end of the Penza surveying school , he was drafted into the army; during the First World War he served in the reserve regiment ( Saratov , August 1916 - January 1917) ^{[2] [3]} . In 1917, while in Moscow in search of work, he met M.P. Frinovsky , who helped get a job in the office of one of the Red Guard detachments. He did not participate in the Civil War. Member of the RSDLP (b) since the fall of 1918 ^[3] .

He worked in the Insarsk District Food Committee (Penza Province) as a clerk (January 1917-1918), head of the food department (until December 1918); then - in the Penza Provincial Food Committee: the head of work supply, the head of food distribution. From February to August 1921 - Executive Secretary of the Insarsk District Committee of the RCP (B) ^[2] .

Cheka — OGPU — NKVD

Since 1921 he served in the bodies of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD - a member of the board of the Penza Provincial Cheka. Since December 20, 1921 - in the Secret Political Division of the Cheka - GPU: assistant, since 1.8.1922 - Deputy Head of the 5th Division; from 4.1.1923 - deputy head of 2 departments; from 13.3.1923 - deputy head of the 11th department. Since May 20, 1923 - Secretary of the Secret Political Department, at the same time (04/26/1926 - 05/23/1928) - Head of the 7th Division ^[2] . He dealt with the cases of those accused of anti-Soviet activity and counter-revolution, as well as agents in the USSR. In January-February 1929 he directed the secret removal of L. D. Trotsky, who was in exile in Alma-Ata , to Odessa and his deportation on the steamer Ilyich from the USSR to Turkey.

From December 1, 1929 - Secretary, from November 11, 1931 - 1st Secretary of the Board of the OGPU of the USSR. From July 11, 1934 to November 28, 1936 - Secretary of the NKVD of the USSR, at the same time (from 07/11/1934 to 29.3.1937) - Executive Secretary of the Special Meeting at the NKVD of the USSR ^[2] . He was engaged in the development of a mechanism of repressive actions, drafted all regulatory documents on the procedure for the treatment of prisoners and persons under investigation. Favorite G. G. Berries ^[5] . One of the organizers of the trial of the supporters of G.E. Zinoviev and L. B. Kamenev in 1936 wrote a script of the process: what the defendants should say. He held rehearsals several times: he worked out with each defendant a separate role assigned to him ^[3] .

After coming to the post of the head of the NKVD, N. I. Ezhov remained secretary of the NKVD for some time, he was entrusted with the organization of the First and Second Moscow Trials in January 1937 ^[3] .

He was elected a delegate to the XVII Congress of the CPSU (b) (1934; personally, with an advisory vote) ^[6] ; a delegate to the VIII All-Union Congress of Soviets (1936) ^[1] .

Repression

In March 1937, he was removed from the post of secretary, dismissed from the NKVD and expelled from the CPSU (b) as an “ideologically alien element” ^[3] . The reason for the removal of Bulanov was the information that he was distributing among the NKVD leaders the values ​​confiscated from the arrested. This became known to Stalin, and he allegedly ordered to dismiss Bulanov and expel him from the party ^{[3] [7]} .

Having taken the post of secretary of the college of the OGPU, Bulanov, with his undisguised frivolous address to Yagoda, achieved his full confidence and became, in essence, his first assistant. At his discretion, he presented the “Honorary Chekist” badge for all sorts of “valor”, sometimes completely unrelated to operational work, hosted in the OGPU pantries, where valuables seized from speculators and currency traders were kept. At his discretion, he distributed part of these values ​​to the wives of senior OGPU workers - Pauker, Lurie, Uspensky and others, as well as his closest lackeys like Max Stanislavsky.

- M.P. Schreider, 1995 , p. eleven

.

March 29 arrested ^{[2] [4] [8] [K 2]} . He was one of the defendants at the Third Moscow trial . He was accused of participation in the conspiracy G. Yagoda, to whom he gave evidence in court, which are distinguished by thorough detail. Found guilty of trying to poison Yezhov.

When he "Yagoda" was removed from the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, he had already taken direct poisoning of the cabinet and that part of the rooms adjacent to the cabinet, the NKVD building, where Nikolai Ivanovich Ezhov was supposed to work. He personally gave me a direct order to prepare the poison, namely to take mercury and dissolve it with acid. I don’t understand anything in chemistry or medicine, maybe I’m confused in the names, but I remember that he warned against sulfuric acid against burns, smell and something like that. That was September 28, 1936. This order I Berries I executed, the solution made. Spraying the cabinet in which Yezhov was to sit, and the adjoining rooms, paths, carpets and curtains, were carried out by Savolinen in the presence of me and Berry. That was September 29th. Berry told me that this spraying should be done 5-6-7 times, which was done. Two or three times I prepared large bottles of this solution and transferred them to Savolinein. He sprayed one of the spray guns. I remember that it was a big metal cylinder with a big pear. I know this spray gun, it was in the restroom at Yagoda, a foreign spray gun. The second and third time the spraying was done by Savolineinen in my presence, the rest of the times without me. He talked about everything to me, and reported to Yagoda.
I must add that on September 28, when this conversation took place, Yagoda removed from his locker where he had a lot of some things, in particular bubbles, and handed me two ampoules, in appearance of a non-Russian production, telling me at the same time : these are poisons that need to be sprayed simultaneously with the mercury solution. What it was, what it was called, I do not know. I passed this to Savolainen, and he sprayed it with the mercury solution.
That's all that I have done regarding the attempt on the life of Nikolai Ivanovich Ezhov.

- Judicial report // Mater. / Military. count Top. Ships of the USSR. Evening meeting March 8, 1938. - M., 1997.

March 13, 1938 by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR under Art. 58 ^{la, 2, 7, 8, 9, 11 of the} Criminal Code of the RSFSR sentenced to capital punishment ^{[2] [4] [8] [9]} . He was shot on Kommunarka on March 15, 1938 ^{[4] [8]} . Rehabilitated February 4, 1988 by the decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR ^{[4] [8] [K 3]} .

His common-law wife, as a “Japanese spy,” was also shot in 1938.

Moscow, st. Markhlevsky ^{[K 4]} , d. 9 , apt. 4 (6) ^[4] .

• badge "Honorary Worker of the Cheka-OGPU (V)" (No. 458; 1929) ^[2]
• badge "Honorary Worker of the Cheka-OGPU (XV)" (December 20, 1932) ^[2]
• Order of Lenin (November 28, 1936) ^[2] - for special merits in the struggle to strengthen the socialist system .

Character of the novel by M. A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita ” ^[10] :

The last two guests climbed the stairs.
“Yes, this is someone new,” said Koroviev, squinting through the glass, “oh yes, yes.” Once, Azazello visited him and whispered advice to him over brandy on how to get rid of one person whose exposures he was extremely afraid of. And so he ordered his acquaintance, who was dependent on him, to spray poisonous walls of the cabinet.
- What's his name? Asked Margarita.
“Well, I really don’t know yet,” answered Koroviev, “I need to ask Azazello.”
- And who is it with him?
- But this is the most executive of his subordinate. I am impressed! Koroviev shouted to the last two.

- ch. 23. Satan's Great Ball

The character of the novel by V. Suvorov "Snake-eater" ^[1] .

• Bulanov P.P. // Petrov N.V. , Skorkin K.V. Who led the NKVD, 1934-1941: reference book / Ed. N. G. Okhotin and A. B. Roginsky . - M .: Links, 1999 .-- 502 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-7870-0032-3 .
• Lurie V., Kochik V. GRU: affairs and people. - St. Petersburg: Neva; M .: Olma-Press , 2002. - S. 104-105. - ISBN 5-7654-1499-0 ; ISBN 5-224-03528-7
• Petrov N.V. , Yansen M. Index of names: Pavel Petrovich Bulanov // "Stalin's Pet" - Nikolai Ezhov. - M .: ROSSPEN, 2009 .-- 447 p. - (History of Stalinism / Ed. Advice: J. Baberowski [et al.]).
• Schreider M.P. NKVD from the inside: Notes of a security officer . - M .: Return, 1995 .-- 256 p. .

• Bulanov Pavel Petrovich (Russian) . Martyrology executed in Moscow and the Moscow region . Sakharov Center. Date of appeal October 14, 2018.
• Bulanov P.P. (Russian) . Antiheroes of punitive organs of the USSR . Human Rights Defenders Against Torture Initiative. Date of appeal October 17, 2018.