Geldern

The northern border of the duchy came out from the Hanseatic city of Harderwijk to the Zuiderze Gulf. It was divided into quarters with centers in Arnhem , Nijmegen , Zutphen and Roermond . The southern (Rurmond) quarter for a period represented an enclave , separated from the other quarters by the duchies of Cleves and Brabant . This quarter from the south bordered on the Cologne archbishopric and the duchy of Julich Berg .

The territorial expansion of the Earls of Geldern down the Rhine and the Meuse continued until 1288, when the Earl of Geldern was defeated in the bloody battle of Vorringen for the possession of Limburg .

Due to the suppression of the ruling dynasty in 1371, the duchy through marriage, according to the results of the War for Geldern inheritance , passed to the ruler of the neighboring duchy Julich . The actual control of the duchy was in the hands of the local nobles of the Egmont , who bore the title of staff haller , or regent .

When the last duke of Julich died in 1423 without a legitimate heir, Geldern's dynastic union with Julich was dissolved. The emperor transferred the ducal title to Arnold Egmont , who was related to the last duke. Arnold married his daughter Maria to the Scottish King James II , but could not protect his possessions from the claims of Karl the Bold , who forced him to sell Geldern to the Burgundy crown in 1471. After the death of Karl the Bold, his possessions went to the emperor Maximilian , who generously returned Geldern to the son of Arnold Adolf Egmont .

In the years 1502-1543 there was a conflict between the Habsburgs and Karl Egmont , called the Geldern War . Adolf's son Karl Egmont died in 1538, leaving many children, but not one of them survived in marriage. The closest heir to the dying Egmont family was the Duke of Lorraine , but Emperor Charles V transferred the duchy to Clew House for 5 years, and in 1543 abolished the will of his grandfather and occupied Geldern as the legitimate heir of Charles the Bold. After his death, the duchy became part of the Spanish Netherlands .

During the Eighty Years War, three quarters of Geldern stood on the side of the United Provinces and joined their composition, and the upper (Rurmond) quarter remained faithful to the Spanish crown.

According to the Utrecht peace of 1713, the quarter remaining under the rule of the Spanish crown was divided between Prussia (the cities of Geldern, Viersen , , Venrai ), the Netherlands ( Montfort , Venlo , ), Austria ( Roermond , Niderkruchten , Werth ) and Julich-Cleve-Berg ( Erkelenz ). Modern borders were established in 1815 at the Vienna Congress .

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  Until 1236

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  In 1236-1276 years.

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  In 1276-1379

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  After 1379

• List of Counts and Dukes of Geldern

• Geldern or Gelderland // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
•   Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geldern