Ivan Ivanovich Golikov ( December 25, 1886 ( January 6, 1887 ) - March 31, 1937 ) [2] - Russian miniature painter , honored art worker of the RSFSR (1933), initiator and founder of the Palekh Ancient Painting Artel.
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| Genre | palekh miniature | |
| Awards | Honored Artist of the RSFSR | |
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Biography
Ivan Golikov was born in Moscow in the family of a hereditary Palekh icon painter with three centuries of artistic continuity. When he was 7 years old, his father, Ivan Mikhailovich Golikov, returned to Palekh to save his family from the terrible famine that began in Moscow. At the age of ten, Vanya Golikov was sent for training in icon painting to the workshop of the Sofonov brothers, famous in Palekh . In 1900 , having learned the techniques of part -time writing , Ivan Golikov went to Petersburg , and then to Moscow to work in icon painting workshops. Father died when Ivan was 14 years old, he remained the eldest in the family. The young man had to work tirelessly - he was engaged in the restoration of painting, painting churches and monasteries. His specialization was part-time writing, that is, the artist wrote on clothing icons. He painted the church of the Svyatooozersky monastery from the workshop of M. L. Parilov in 1907 and the church in Kazan. He left grains of his work in the Novodevichy Convent, the Faceted Chamber, in Moscow and St. Petersburg churches. While working in St. Petersburg, he attended the drawing classes of the Baron Stieglitz school for some time. In 1907 - 11 years, Ivan Golikov served in the military, in 1911-14 worked in the workshop of N. M. Safonov in Palekh, took part in painting the church in Kazan. In 1914-17 , he was drafted into the army and participated in the First World War as part of the 27th Siberian Regiment, received a shell shock .
After the First World War and the Revolution of 1917, the artist begins his independent creative search. For some time he worked as a theater artist in Shuya , Kineshma , Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Kostroma , creating the scenery for the performances of "Forest", "Thunderstorm", "Snow Maiden", "Boris Godunov", "Russian Wedding" and "Doctor involuntarily." In 1921, he created his first miniature - painted a box of papier-mâché and showed it to the management of the Handicraft Museum. In 1922 , working in the workshop of the artist A. A. Glazunov, Ivan Golikov created a number of murals on papier-mâché , outlining the main features of the new art , and becoming, in fact, its founding father. By this time, the master was able to organically synthesize the features of three icon-painting schools - Palekh, Stroganov and Yaroslavl. The manner of the artist was of interest to a number of art historians, among whom was his distant relative A.V. Bakushinsky, who assisted in organizing an artel for the production of painted papier-mâché caskets. December 4-5, 1924, the "Artel of Ancient Painting" was created, the backbone of which was former icon painters. In the same 1924, the works of Palekh masters - I. I. Golikov, I. M. Bakanov, I. V. Markichev and A. V. Kotukhin were shown at the XIV International Art Exhibition in Venice , causing great interest. The following year, 1925, the Artel of Ancient Painting won the Grand Prix at the World Exhibition of Decorative Arts in Paris . After Paris, there were successes in Milan , Vienna and Berlin .
Ivan Golikov painted a lot of varnished products - from large caskets to miniature beads. All his works are an example of the finest writing, excellent compositional solutions and an unusual approach to epic and literary subjects. He took many of them directly from life itself; Golikov said: “I go out into the street, observe the nature of the evening, before I begin to paint, I’ll survive first, go all the way to the world that needs to be depicted ...”
Subjects of works: history, folklore, literature, rural motifs, modern, revolutionary, battles, triples, ornamental motifs (“Adam in Paradise”, “Demons”, “Battle”, “Boris Godunov”, “Walking in the Forest”, “Harmonist "," Fortune-telling at Ivan Kupala "," Coat of Arms of the USSR "," Uncle Yakov "," Zhnitvo "," Beasts "," Game of Checkers "," Carousel "," Yoke Tower "," Lohengrin "," Pancake Week ", “Napoleon”, “Ornaments”, “Plowing on oxen”, “Roosters”, “Fire”, “The Word about Igor’s regiment”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “Stepan Razin”, “Romeo and Juliet”, “Three red horses "," Round dance " other).
The pinnacle of his work is considered to be the miniatures created in 1932 - 33 for the gift edition of " Words on Igor's Campaign ", published in 1934 by Academia . Initially, they wanted to entrust the work to different artists, but the writer Maxim Gorky insisted that all the miniatures should be made by one Golikov. These miniatures were subsequently reprinted twice, and in 1933 Ivan Golikov was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
His work is characterized by a mixture of reality with a fairytale fantasy: on the epic red three in a snowy landscape, he can ride not a fairytale character, but a Red Army soldier in Budenovka . The manner of the father was adopted by two of his sons, who became Palekh masters of varnish painting - Georgy Ivanovich (1920-1941) and Nikolai Ivanovich Golikovs (1924-2011). His grandson, Yuri Nikolayevich Golikov, also became an artist.
The artist died in 1937 after a serious illness. In the center of Palekh, Ivan Golikov erected a monument. One of the streets of Palekh was also named after the artist, and in 1968 Golikov's house-museum was opened in Palekh.
The works of I. I. Golikov are stored in the State Museum of Palekh Art, the State Russian Museum , the State Tretyakov Gallery , the All-Russian Museum of Decorative and Applied and Folk Art, the Museum of Folk Art of the Scientific Research Institute of the Art Industry, the State Historical and Art Museum-Reserve of Sergiev Posad , Vyatsky OXM, OXM Ivanovo, Irkutsk OXM, Nizhny Novgorod state Art Museum, Yaroslavl historical and architectural Museum-reserve , the Kiev Museum of Russian and kusstva, State Art Museum of Belarus, the Russian Museum of AS Pushkin "Cleaning 12", the State Museum of Gorky.
Gallery
Couples (1925)
Plowman (1929)
Battle (1927)
The Three (1925)
Allegorical representation of the III International (1927)
Postage stamp USSR, 1976
Literature
- Reinson-Pravdin A.N. Ivan Ivanovich Golikov. - M .: Soviet artist , 1956.
- Kotov V. The Art of Palekh: A Guide / in Russian. and dumb. language / Ed. K. Vyugina; Design by artist-paleshanin V. Bolshakov. The State Museum of Palekh Art .. - M .: Publishing House of Literature in Foreign Languages, B.G. - 136, [20] p.
- Kotov V.T. Artist Ivan Golikov. 1886-1937. - Yaroslavl: Upper Volga Prince. Publishing House, 1973. - 80, [16] p.
- Porudominsky V.I. Revelation of Ivan Golikov. - M .: Soviet artist, 1977. - 152 p. - ( Stories about artists ). - 35,000 copies.
- Rogov A.P. Folk craftsmen: Biographical essays: Anna Mezrina , Ignatius Mazin , Vasily Vornskov , Ivan Golikov / Serial cover of Yu. Arndt. - M .: Young Guard , 1982. - S. 171-269. - 272, [48] p. - (The life of wonderful people . Ser. Biogr .; Issue 2 (622)). - 100,000 copies.
- Ivan Ivanovich Golikov: On the occasion of the centenary of his birth: Lacquer miniature: Exhibition catalog / Author entry. articles by M. A. Nekrasov; Compilers of the catalog N. P. Maltsev, L. L. Pirogova; Under the total. ed. V.A. Gulyaev. - M .: Soviet artist , 1988. - 36 p. - ISBN 5-269-00147-0 .