Chemical protection from ionizing radiation - a form of radiation protection , weakening the result of exposure to ionizing radiation on the body by introducing chemicals called radioprotectors into it.
Content
Basic properties of radioprotectors
- Single exposure exposure
- Efficacy when administered before exposure
- Narrow therapeutic effect
- Use in toxic or subtoxic doses
- Intravenous Effectiveness
- The induction of strong physiological and biochemical changes in the body
Mechanisms of action of some radioprotectors
- protectors that cause a decrease in oxygen concentration in tissues.
Such substances in various ways create temporary tissue hypoxia. A local decrease in the concentration of free oxygen in tissues causes a decrease in the possibility of radical formation at the time of irradiation, a decrease in the reaction of excited molecules with oxygen, and a decrease in the reaction of the formation of primary peroxides.
- Substances causing inactivation of free radicals
The protective mechanism of these RPs is due to their competition for radicals, as a result of which the total radiobiological effect is reduced.
- SH protectors.
They cause an increase in endogenous sulfhydryl compounds. These compounds are labile and can react with radicals formed during the irradiation process, so the overall radiobiological effect is reduced.
- Nucleic acids.
- restoration of damaged DNA structures by exogenous DNA fragments
- neutralization of the action of radiation-activated nuclear nucleases
- neutralization of the damaging effect of free histones
- derepression of chromosomes, stimulation of DNA-dependent synthesis of RNA and protein, stimulation of mitotic activity of cells
- replenishment of the cell stock of substrates required for DNA synthesis
The effectiveness of RP should be evaluated not only by survival, but also by the frequency of manifestation of long-term consequences in surviving individuals.
- Melatonin with radiation burn of the skin was not very effective, however, it had a pronounced anti-radiation effect according to the clinical picture of late local radiation injuries. [1] . The effectiveness of melatonin as a radioprotector has been shown in a number of Western studies [2] [3] . Melatonin also has the advantage of being safe and minimizing side effects. [2]
Literature
- “Radiobiology of man and animals”, S. P. Yarmonenko, A. A. Vinson, 2004
- Buck Z. M., Chemical protection against ionizing radiation, trans. from English., M., 1968;
- Romantsev E. F., Radiation and chemical protection, [2 ed.], M., 1968;
- Graevsky E. Ya., Sulfhydryl groups and radiosensitivity, M., 1969
Notes
- ↑ http://www.fesmu.ru/elib/Article.aspx?id=110405 COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF MELATONIN ANTIOXIDANT AND INDRALIN AND MESATON RADIO PROTECTORS IN LOCAL RADIATION DAMAGE
- ↑ 1 2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10998194 Antioxidative effects of melatonin in protection against cellular damage caused by ionizing radiation.
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9541644 Melatonin reduces gamma radiation-induced primary DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes.