Popular music ( English popular music ) - works of various musical genres , aimed at the general public . Modern popular music is called pop music [1] . It appeared in the XIX century as a reaction to the complicated forms of “serious” music [2] . The determining factor is the ease for perception and often - the calculation of the success of the mass listener [3] . Popular music also includes a hit - an entertaining dance song, usually with an unassuming lyrical lyrical text [4] - a musical genre that combines various compositions from very sentimental ballads with a simple, catchy melody to light pop melodies.
Contemporary genres
- Estrada - entertainment music of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s ( Bing Crosby , Frank Sinatra , Barbra Streisand , Tom Jones ). This genre built on the acting performance of well-known hits (the so-called "pop standards", the traditional pop repertoire) and is designed for the age audience. British pop was called "music hall". Despite the decline in the popularity of the genre, the Grammy Award for new entries in this style is still awarded annually.
- Rhythm and blues - various areas of African-American music, in particular, soul and funk , as well as hybrids between them. The sources were Ray Charles , Sam Cook , James Brown . A light commercial type of rhythm and blues in the 1960s was cultivated by Motown Records and producer Phil Spector . In the 1970s there was a serious stylistic transformation of this trend ( Stevie Wonder , Marvin Gay , Curtis Mayfield ); she led to the birth of disco dance music.
- Rock and roll is an originally weighted, dynamic kind of rhythm and blues ( Chuck Berry , Little Richard ), which was eventually adapted to the tastes of the white public called “ rockabilly ” ( Elvis Presley , Roy Orbison ). During the 1960s, the pop-rock genre was formed - lightweight, melodic rock ( Beach Boys , Elton John ). On the other hand, there was a fusion of rock with folk music, called folk rock . Further development of this music is discussed in the article rock music .
- The invention and the beginning of the development of electronic music (which involved Kraftwerk , Brian Eno , Depeche Mode ) significantly influenced the pop culture of the 1970s, opening up essentially a new musical universe. Later, the subgenres of electronic music ( techno , house ) appeared again began to intersect with rock music ( Happy Mondays , Prodigy ), new genres emerged at the junction with dance (eurodance).
- In the mid-1970s, a special subgenre of pop (wary) music emerged - disco , which developed a special sound and rhythm based on funk , rhythm and blues , traditional pop music . Some of the best pop groups in music history, ABBA and Bee Gees, are associated with this trend. In the late 70s / 80s, new forms emerged - hi-energy, Italian and Euro disco (Modern talking, Bad boys blue, CC Catch, Sandra, Gazebo).
- In the late 1950s and early 1960s, a style of ska appeared in Jamaica, which later became popular in England . The most famous ska groups are The Skatalites , The Ethiopians , Byron Lee & The Dragonaires . From him came another style of rocksteed , and in the 80s a 2 Tone style appeared, mixing ska and punk rock .
- In 1968, reggae appeared in Jamaica (sometimes spelled as reggae or reggae), which differed from ska and rokstedi with a more rigid rhythm (kick drum and rim shot for a weak beat of each measure). The first directions of reggae : early reggae and skinhead reggae , they were played by Laurel Aitken , Judge Dread , Desmond Decker . The most famous and popular was the style of ruts-reggae , which was played by the bands Abyssinians , Burning Spear , Culture and one of the most famous reggae musicians - Bob Marley .
- In the early 70s. Jamaican sound producer King Tabby created a special form of mixing, which has become a major reggae subgenre - dub . Dub was based on a powerful bass line and a strong echo effect. Dub was actually the first remix in history. The largest representative of the dub was Lee Scratch Perry , also the genre was represented by Mad Professor , Augustus Pablo , Kate Hudson . Dub had an exceptional influence on the subsequent development of pop music.
- At the turn of the 1980s, hip-hop appeared - an African-American musical movement consisting of rap (rhythmic recitative with clearly marked rhymes) imposed on a funk rhythm, which is set by a DJ using techniques like programming on a drum machine , sampling (using fragments of foreign compositions, especially bass and synthesizer parts), manipulations with vinyl records and sometimes beatboxing (vocal imitation of the drum machine rhythm).
- In the early 1980s, such a musical trend as a core was broken off from punk metal . He took over the features of almost all of the above genres, combining them with a metal base. The ancestor of the direction are groups Fugazi , Converge and others.
- Pop music (Pops). Comes from traditional pop music and other genres. Appeared in the mid-1950s. in the West.
Notes
- ↑ Glossary of musical terms
- ↑ Popular music // Megaencyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius
- ↑ Popular music // Encyclopedia "Krugosvet"
- ↑ Historical dictionary: Schlager
Literature
- Popular Music // Encyclopedia "Krugosvet"
- Popular Music // Collier's Dictionary
- Popular music // Megaencyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius
- 1928-1997 : Illustrator. biobibliogr. Handbook / Comp. A. A. Gerasimov, Yu. Yu. Gerasimova, N. V. Mironova, V. V. Yastrebov: ed. V.V. Yastrebova . - Ulyanovsk : RIA Simbvestinfo, 1997. - 462 p. : il. - (Reference books from "Simbvestinfo"). - ISBN 5-86174-010-0 .
- Yastrebov V.V. Women in foreign popular music: Encyclopedic reference book / V.V. Yastrebov. - M .: Publishing house NOTA-R, 2004. - 912 p. - 1824 stb. : il. - ISBN 5-98581-004-6 .