Kolletida [1] [2] [3] ( Latin Colletidae ) - family of bees of the suborder Stefate-bellied detachment Hymenoptera insects . Includes about 50 genera and more than 2000 species.
| Colletis |
Colletes daviesanus |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetric |
| Hoard : | Insects with full transformation |
|
| International scientific name |
|---|
Colletidae Lepeletier , 1841 |
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Content
They nest in the ground, in burrows, or in the cavities of dry stems. For lining cells use saliva, which forms a silky film. The Colletidae family is one of the few groups of bees (the others are Andrenidae , Halictidae and Apidae ), which includes twilight species. In this case, these species have enlarged simple eyes or ocells (ocellus, ocelli). One group of kleptoparasites is known (in the Hawaiian Islands, members of the breed Nesoprosopis of the genus Hylaeus ; Daly & Magnacca 2003).
The most poorly organized bees, from very small (4-5 mm) to large (15 mm), from undressed ( Hylaeus ) to densely pubescent forms (Diphaglossinae). Without a developed collecting apparatus, pollen and nectar are carried in the goiter. Have a short forked or blunt at the end of the tongue. The last sign brings them closer to the sccoid wasps of the family Crabronidae (the alleged ancestors of the bees). However, modern molecular studies refute this hypothesis, taking the family Melittidae ( sensu lato ) as a basal group (Danforth, 2006).
Isolation of silk-like substance and cocoon spinning in larvae is usually absent. Occasionally, silk is also found in imago , for example, in bees of the genus Hylaeus [4] .
Distributed throughout the world, especially abundant in Australia (where 50% of bee species represent this family) and in South America . In Europe, mainly represented by the genera Colletes and Hylaeus (= Prosopis). Both of these genera are represented in North America, where the genus Caupolicana , Eulonchopria and Ptiloglossa are also found.
There are about 50 genera and more than 2000 species. 8 subfamilies: Colletinae s. str., Callomelittinae, Diphaglossinae, Euryglossinae, Hylaeinae, Neopasiphaeinae (Paracolletinae), Scrapterinae and Xeromelissinae; the genus Paracolletes is considered as incertae sedis [5] [6] [7] .
- Colletes Latreille, 1802
- Mourecotelles Toro & Cabezas, 1977
- Subfamily Callomelittinae
- Subfamily Neopasiphaeinae
- Brachyglossula Hedicke, 1922
- Chrysocolletes Michener, 1965
- Eulonchopria Brèthes, 1909
- Glossurocolletes Michener, 1965
- Hesperocolletes Michener, 1965
- Leioproctus Smith, 1853
- Lonchopria Vachal, 1905
- Lonchorhyncha Michener, 1989
- Neopasiphae Perkins, 1912
- Niltonia Moure, 1964
- Phenacolletes Cockerell, 1905
- Trichocolletes Cockerell, 1912
- Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
- Caupolicana Spinola, 1851
- Crawfordapis Moure, 1964
- Ptiloglossa Smith, 1853
- Cadeguala Reed, 1892
- Cadegualina Michener, 1986
- Diphaglossa Spinola, 1851
- Mydrosoma Smith, 1879
- Mydrosomella Michener, 1986
- Ptiloglossidia Moure, 1953
- Brachyhesma Michener, 1965
- Callohesma Michener, 1965
- Dasyhesma Michener, 1965
- Euhesma Michener, 1965
- Euryglossa Smith, 1853
- Euryglossina Cockerell, 1910
- Euryglossula Michener, 1965
- Heterohesma Michener, 1965
- Hyphesma Michener, 1965
- Melittosmithia Schulz, 1906
- Pachyprosopis Perkins, 1908
- Sericogaster Westwood, 1835
- Stenohesma Michener, 1965
- Tumidihesma Exley, 1996
- Xanthesma Michener, 1965
- Amphylaeus Michener, 1965
- Calloprosopis Snelling, 1985
- Hemirhiza Michener, 1965
- Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793
- Hyleoides Smith, 1853
- Meroglossa Smith, 1853
- Palaeorhiza Perkins, 1908
- Pharohylaeus Michener, 1965
- Xenorhiza Michener, 1965
- Subfamily Xeromelissinae - about 200 species (New World) [8]
- Chilicola Spinola, 1851
- Geodiscelis Michener & Rozen, 1999
- Xenochilicola Toro & Moldenke, 1979
- Xeromelissa Cockerell, 1926
- ↑ Determinant of insects of the Russian Far East. T. IV. Retinae, scorpionnaires, hymenoptera. Part 5 / under total. ed. P. A. Lera . - Vladivostok: Dal'nauka, 2007. - p. 480. - 1052 p. - ISBN 978-5-8044-0789-7 .
- ↑ Key to insects of the European part of the USSR. T. III. Hymenoptera. The first part // Suborder Apocrita - Stem-gander ( Arnoldi K.V. et al.) / Under total. ed. G.S. Medvedev . - L .: Science, 1978. - p. 292. - 584 p. - (Determinants on the fauna of the USSR, published by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR ; vol. 119). - 3500 copies
- ↑ Striganova B. R. , Zakharov A. A. Pyatiazychny dictionary of animal names: Insects (Latin-Russian-English-German-French) / . - M .: RUSSO, 2000. - p. 301. - 1060 copies. - ISBN 5-88721-162-8 .
- Melissotarsus emeryi (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in South African fynbos (Eng.) // Infertes Sociaux: Journal. - Birkhäuser Verlag, 1999. - Vol. 46, no. 1 . - P. 78-83. - ISSN 1420-9098 . - DOI : 10.1007 / s00040005 .
- ↑ Almeida, EAB & Danforth, BN (2009) Phylogeny of Colletidae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) inferred from four nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50, 290–309
- ↑ Almeida, EAB, Packer, L., Melo, GAR, Danforth, BN, Cardinal, SC, Quinteiro, FB, & Pie, MR (2018). The diversification of neopasiphaeine bees during the Cenozoic (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) . Zoologica Scripta. doi: 10.1111 / zsc.12333
- ↑ Almeida, EAB, Pie, MR, Brady, SG, & Danforth, BN (2011). Biogeography and diversification of colletid bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae): emerging patterns from the southern end of the world. Journal of Biogeography, 39 (3), 526–544. doi: 10.1111 / j.1365-2699.2011.02624.x
- ↑ Almeida, Eduardo AB; Packer, Laurence; Danforth, Bryan N. 2008. Phylogeny of the Xeromelissinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) Based on Morphology and Molecules. Apidologie. Volume 39, Number 1, 75-85.
- Key to insects of the European part of the USSR. T. III. Hymenoptera. The first part // Suborder Apocrita - Stem-gander ( Arnoldi K.V. et al.) / Under total. ed. G.S. Medvedev . - L .: Science, 1978. - P. 292–315 (Colletidae - Osychnyuk A.Z.). - 584 s. - (Determinants on the fauna of the USSR, published by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR ; vol. 119). - 3500 copies
- Osychnyuk A. Z., T. G. Roman'kov. 1995. SEM. Colletidae // Key to insects of the Russian Far East. - St. Petersburg. Volume 4. Part 1. P. 480–489.
- Brothers DJ 1999. Phylogeny and evolution of wasps, ants and bees (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea and Apoidea) . Zoologica Scripta 28: 233–250.
- Danforth, BN, Sipes, S., Fang, J., Brady, SG (2006) Morphology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103: 15118–15123
- Michener CD 2000. The Bees of the World , Johns Hopkins University Press.