Andrenides [1] [2] ( lat. Andrenidae ) - a family of bees of the suborder Stem - bellied order Hymenoptera insects. It includes about 40 genera and more than 2300 species (up to 1500 in the genus Andrena ).
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 Andrena | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Andrenidae Latreille , 1802 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biology
Nest in the ground, in minks, sometimes in large colonies. Important pollinators of flowering plants. There are kleptoparasites. This family is one of the few among bees (among others - Halictidae , Colletidae , and Apidae ), whose representatives are twilight: some of them are active only at dusk or early in the evening ( Panurginae ).
Feature
The body is usually black, densely pubescent, sometimes variegated. Length about 7-15 mm ( Oxaeinae up to 26 mm). Antennal fossae are connected to the clypeus each with two sutures, which limit the bicuspid fields. The tongue is rather short, pointed at the apex. The lower labial palps are short; their segments are usually the same. The pygidal field (pygidium, pygidium) is developed in all females and in many males.
Distribution
Distributed around the world, except Australia and Antarctica. Most abundant in the temperate zone and in arid regions.
Classification
There are about 40 genera and more than 2300 species. It includes the largest bee genera, for example, the Andrena genus (over 1300 species) and the Perdita genus (about 800 species).
- Subfamily Alocandreninae
- Alocandrena Michener, 1986
- Subfamily Andreninae
- Ancylandrena Cockerell, 1930
- Andrena Fabricius, 1775
- Euherbstia Friese, 1925
- Megandrena Cockerell, 1927
- Orphana Vachal, 1909
- Subfamily Oxaeinae
- Mesoxaea Hurd & Linsley, 1976
- Notoxaea Hurd & Linsley, 1976
- Oxaea Klug, 1807
- Protoxaea Cockerell & Porter, 1899
- Subfamily Panurginae
- Triba Calliopsini
- Acamptopoeum Cockerell, 1905
- Arhysosage Brèthes, 1922
- Calliopsis Smith, 1853
- Callonychium Brèthes, 1922
- Litocalliopsis Roig-Alsina & Compagnucci, 2003
- Spinoliella Ashmead, 1899
- Spinoliella aidae , Spinoliella confusa , Spinoliella herbsti , Spinoliella packeri , Spinoliella polita
- Xeranthrena imponticula [3]
- Tribe Melitturgini
- Borgatomelissa Patiny, 2000
- Flavomeliturgula Patiny, 1999
- Gasparinahla Patiny, 2001
- Melitturga Latreille, 1809
- Meliturgula Friese , 1903
- Mermiglossa Friese, 1912
- Plesiopanurgus Cameron, 1907
- Tribe Nolanomelissini
- Nolanomelissa Rozen, 2003
- Triba Panurgini
- Avpanurgus Warncke, 1972
- Camptopoeum Spinola, 1843
- Panurginus Nylander, 1848
- Panurgus Panzer, 1806
- Tribe Perditini
- Macrotera Smith, 1853
- Perdita Smith, 1853
- Triba Protandrenini
- Anthemurgus Robertson, 1902
- Anthrenoides Ducke, 1907
- Chaeturginus Lucas de Oliveira & Moure, 1963
- Liphanthus Reed, 1894
- Neffapis Ruz, 1995
- Parapsaenythia Friese, 1908
- Protandrena Cockerell, 1896
- Psaenythia Gerstaecker, 1868
- Pseudopanurgus Cockerell, 1897
- Rhophitulus Ducke, 1907
- Tribe Protomeliturgini
- Protomeliturga Ducke, 1912
Notes
- β Key to insects of the Russian Far East. T. IV. Retina-winged, scorpion, hymenoptera. Part 1 / under the general. ed. P.A. Lera . - SPb. : Nauka, 1995 .-- S. 489. - 606 p. - 3150 copies. - ISBN 5-02-025944-6 .
- β Key to insects of the European part of the USSR. T. III. Hymenoptera. The first part // Suborder Apocrita - Calf-bellied ( Arnoldi K.V. et al.) / Under the general. ed. G. S. Medvedev . - L .: Nauka, 1978.- S. 315.- 584 p. - (Keys to the fauna of the USSR, published by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR ; issue 119). - 3500 copies.
- β Victor H. Gonzalez, Allan H. Smith-Pardo and Michael S. Engel. (2017). Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus of Calliopsine Bees from Peru, with a Review of Spinoliella Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Apr 2017 American Museum of Natural History. Number 412. pg (s) 1β71. ISSN: 1937-3546 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090-412.1.1
Literature
- Key to insects of the European part of the USSR. T. III. Hymenoptera. The first part // Suborder Apocrita - Calf-bellied ( Arnoldi K.V. et al.) / Under the general. ed. G. S. Medvedev . - L .: Nauka, 1978. - S. 315-369 (Andrenidae - Osychnyuk A.Z.). - 584 p. - (Keys to the fauna of the USSR, published by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR ; issue 119). - 3500 copies.
- Osychnyuk A.Z. A new species of the genus Andrena F, (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae) from Primorye // In collection: Hymenoptera of the Far East. Vladivostok, 1981. Pp. 113-116.
- Osychnyuk A.Z. New Far Eastern andren species of the subgenus Euandrena Hed. (Hynenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae) // In the book: Hymenoptera in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Vladivostok, 1986.P. 111-116.
- Osychnyuk A.Z. 1995. Sem. Andrenidae - Andrenides // Key to insects of the Russian Far East. - St. Petersburg. Volume 4. Part 1. P. 489-527.
- Brothers DJ 1999. Phylogeny and evolution of wasps, ants and bees (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea and Apoidea) . Zoologica Scripta 28: 233-250.