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Losses during Operation Cast Lead

Losses during Operation Cast Lead - killed and wounded of conflicting parties, injured third-country nationals, as well as material damage as a result of shelling, bombing and other actions during the operation Cast Cast Lead by Israel in the Gaza Strip in late December 2008 - January 2009 year [1] .

Israel motivated the operation by constant rocket-mortar shelling and other terrorist attacks by militants of various groups in the Gaza Strip, controlled by the Islamic organization Hamas . The operation began with an Israeli air strike on December 27, 2008, and on January 3, ground forces entered Gaza. On January 18, Israel announced the end of the operation, and by January 21, 2009, it had withdrawn troops from the sector.

Most sources believe that the death toll of Palestinians ranged from 1,166 to 1,505; several thousand were injured. Among the dead, according to various sources, from 295 to 926 civilians and about 250 Hamas police [2] . During the operation, 13 Israelis were killed (10 soldiers and three civilians) and 518 were injured. In Gaza, as a result of hostilities, numerous destruction of buildings took place and most of the farmland suffered.

These events, including the death of civilians, were the subject of an investigation by the UN Human Rights Committee , a number of international human rights organizations in Israel itself.

Content

Gaza Strip

Information about the losses among Palestinians differs in different sources - from 500-600 [3] to 1505 killed . The number of wounded is estimated at 5450 people [4] .

Several cases of mass deaths of Palestinians have become particularly notorious. The first strike of the Israeli Air Force was struck at the main Hamas police building in Gaza, killing 48 cadets there. In the course of this blow, also inflicted on 18 police stations, 248 people died in total [5] . On January 1, 2009, Nizar Rayyan , the third person in the Hamas hierarchy, was killed in a bombing house. Despite a warning from the Israeli army, he remained at home with his family. During the bombing, in addition to Ryan, 4 of his wives and 9 of 12 children died [6] [7] . On January 5, as a result of shelling of a residential building by the Israeli army in the Zeytun region in the city of Gaza , more than 20 civilians from the Samuni family died [8] [9] .

The death of January 16, 2009, of family members of the famous Israeli gynecologist living in Gaza, Dr. Izz al-Din Abu al-Aish widely reported in the media [10] . Sniper fire was opened from the building adjacent to the doctor’s house, and a mortar shell was fired at the soldiers of the Golani brigade. On the top floor of the house of Izz al-Din Abu al-Aish, silhouettes were found that the Israeli military took for Hamas observers to fire at soldiers. The Golani unit commander ordered tankers to shoot at the top floor silhouettes. As a result, two shells were fired, which hit a floor below - to where the doctor’s family was at that time. From these shells 3 daughters of Izz al-Din Abu al-Aisha were killed: Bissan 20 years old, Mayar 15 years old, Aya 14 years old and niece Nur 17 years old, several more people were injured. When screams came from the house, the shooting was immediately stopped, and the wounded were urgently taken to Israeli hospitals [11] . Representatives of the IDF expressed deep regret over what happened, but noted that in the days leading up to the tragedy, the doctor was repeatedly approached personally with a request to take his family out of the house due to the intense military operations of Hamas in the area [11] . The doctor himself, according to the Amnesty International report, denied this [12] , and his friend, a Palestinian doctor, claimed that the doctor refused to leave the house, despite persuasion [13] .

The deaths of several dozen people as a result of shelling by the Israeli army of the UNRWA school in the Jabaliya camp on 6 January 2009 also became a major scandal. UNRWA representatives claimed that civilians took refuge in the school. The Israeli military stated that the army was forced to return fire, as mortar shelling had begun from the side of the school [14] [15] .

According to Hamas

According to the latest data submitted on July 11, 2009 by Muawaya Hassanein, who heads the emergency services department at the Hamas Ministry of Health, 1,505 Palestinians died during the operation [16] . The Palestinian Center for Human Rights on March 19, 2009, gave the number of 1,417 dead, including 926 civilians [17] , and by the three-year operation significantly changed the data on the identity of the dead, indicating 1,419 in total, of which 1,167 were civilians, without explaining which includes Hamas police and how many militants died [18] .

After the operation, Hamas claimed to have lost only 48 militants during its operation [19] . “ Resistance Committees ” announced 34 dead, and “ Islamic Jihad ” - about 38 [20] . Only at the end of 2010, Hamas admitted that 200 to 300 Isaddin al-Qasam Brigades , 250 Hamas police officers and 150 "security forces" were killed during the operation [21] . Hamas police are seen by Israel as members of hostile militias, but this view is disputed by organizations such as Human Rights Watch [22] and the Palestinian Center for Human Rights [23] , according to which international law defines non-combatants as civilians persons.

According to Israel

According to the latest updated data from the IDF , the total number of Palestinians killed during the operation is 1,166. Of those killed, more than 709 are members of various military formations of Hamas and other terrorist organizations. The death toll of civilians (including women and children) is 295. It was not possible to determine the identity and involvement in the fighting of 162 men [24] . 609 of the 709 armed men killed belonged to militant groups controlled by Hamas (mainly the Izz al-Din al-Kassam Brigades ). 100 killed militants belonged to the Palestinian Islamic Jihad and other terrorist organizations operating in Gaza [24] . According to Israeli data, the military structure of Hamas suffered great damage: almost all significant Hamas facilities were destroyed: headquarters, training camps, police stations, leaders' residences, etc. [25] During Operation Cast Lead, 295 civilians were killed, including 89 children (under 16 years old) and 49 women [24] .

During and after the operation, Hamas maintained a policy of concealing data on its combat losses. In particular, the publication of the names of the dead and wounded on Hamas sites was censored [26] . According to the IDF, “part of the armed terrorists who participated in the hostilities fell into the general statistics, where their belonging to the terrorists was hidden, and they were presented as civilians or innocent police officers [27] intentionally killed by IDFs” . In addition, Hamas constantly increased the death toll (from 1330 after the operation to 1452 by February 25), although there were no reports of newly found bodies of the dead or the death of the wounded. Presumably, Hamas also included in the list of those who died from Israeli actions about 300 people who died during this period (according to statistics) for natural reasons [24] .

According to the Israeli site Mignews , the Palestinian Center for Human Rights confirmed the figures indicated in the report of the IDF [28] .

By independent sources

The Guardian newspaper , citing UN data, reported on January 9, 2009, about 250 dead and 1,080 injured children (about a third of the total losses) since the start of the operation on December 27, 2008 , noting that children make up more than half of the population of the Gaza Strip [29 ] . According to the UN's final data, 350 children died during the operation [30] , Amnesty International cites the number of 300 children with a total number of 1,400 dead [31] . The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) indicates 1300 dead and more than 5000 wounded on January 20-21, 2009 [32] .

According to the Israeli human rights organization Betzel , 1,390 Palestinians were killed during the operation in the Gaza Strip, of whom 349 took part in hostilities and 759 did not participate in them; another 32 dead could not be established. The organization divides 248 Hamas police officers and two Palestinians killed in targeted liquidation into separate groups. Another 13 people, according to Bethel, were killed during this time in the Gaza Strip by their compatriots on suspicion of cooperation with Israel. According to Becelem’s statistics, the number of deaths includes 344 minors, of which 22 took part in hostilities, and there are no more data for four [33] .

Lorenzo Cremonesi, correspondent for the Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera , reported much less than other sources, the number of Palestinians killed during Operation Cast Lead. According to a Palestinian doctor working in the Shifa hospital (the largest medical center in the sector), the death toll was 500-600. In his opinion, the majority of those killed were Hamas militants aged 17-23, who were easily recognizable by the green bandages. Hamas sent poorly armed teenagers into battle. The doctor, who refused to publish his name in the newspaper out of fear for his life, accused Hamas of deliberately inflating the number of losses [3] [4] [34] [35] .

The death toll ranges between 500 and 600. Most are young people between the ages of 17 and 23, recruited into the ranks of the Hamas organization and sent to the slaughterhouse.

Original text (Italian)
I morti potrebbero essere non più di 500 o 600. Per lo più ragazzi tra i 17 e 23 anni reclutati tra le fila di Hamas che li ha mandati letteralmente al massacro
- Lorenzo Cremonesi, Corriere della Cera

The UN Working Group on Gross Violations against Children confirmed the information on 12 deaths of Palestinian children acting as combatants with arms in their hands during Operation Cast Lead [36] .

From Amnesty International Report

The human rights organization Amnesty International , in a report published in July 2009, cites several examples of the deaths of entire families during Israeli airstrikes and shelling:

  • On December 29, in Jabal during a night air raid on a nearby mosque, the Baalush family house collapsed. Five girls aged 4 to 17 years were killed under the wreckage. Five other family members - parents and three children - were injured of varying severity. The IDF said that the mosque was known as a gathering place for Hamas members and that there were militants in it during the bombing; residents of surrounding houses were not warned of the raid [37] .
  • On December 30, three children were killed in Beit Hanoun by an aerial bomb: Lama Talal Hamdan (5 years old), her sister Khaya (12 years old) and their brother Ismail (8 years old). Children fell under the bombing when they took out the garbage to a nearby garbage dump [38] .
  • On January 2, Muhammad al-Astal (11 years old), his brother Abderrabbo (8 years old) and their cousin Abdel-Sattar (11 years old) were killed in Al-Karare, in the south of the Gaza Strip by a rocket launched from an unmanned aircraft. Children played in an open place, where it was impossible to mistake them for adult militants [39] .
  • On January 4, in the Sayyaf area in the northwestern part of Gaza, Saadalla Matar Abu Halima and four of his ten children, Abderrahim (14 years old), Zeid (11 years old), Hamza (10 years old), died when three shells with white phosphorus hit a residential building and Shahed (15 months). Saadallah’s wife, Sabah, received severe burns. Three more children of Saadallah, as well as his daughter-in-law and two-year-old granddaughter, were injured. The daughter-in-law, Gada, later died of wounds in an Egyptian hospital [40] .
  • On January 5, Amer Abu Aisha, his wife Nail and three of their four children, Said (12 years old), Muhammad (8 years old) and Gaida (7 years old) died in the ash-Shati (Gaza) refugee camp. The only surviving daughter spent the night with her aunt elsewhere. The victims were part of a family clan of 33 people living in the same house, some other clan members were injured in this air raid. There was no warning before the airstrike [41] .
  • On January 5, Amal Zaki Eileva and four of her eight children, Mutasem (14 years old), Mumin (12 years old), Lana (10 years old) and Ismail (7 years old), were killed in their house in Gaza when a tank shell hit. Amal's husband, two more of their children, and a niece were injured [42] .
  • On January 6, in the Gaza Strip of Al-Zeytun, in the early morning hours of an air raid, 22 members of the Al-Daya clan were killed, including 11 children under the age of 10 years. The five-story house where the family lived was completely destroyed. On April 22, the IDF reported that the house was hit in error instead of the neighboring building, where according to intelligence there was an armory. Nevertheless, after it became clear, a new blow was never dealt to the neighboring building [43] .
  • On January 9, in Beit Lahiya, during a night air raid, Randa Salha and four of her seven children died - Diya ad-Din (14 years old), Rana (12 years old), Baha ad-din (4 years) and Rula (1 year), and also her sister Fatma. There were no adult men in the house; Randa's husband, an employee of UNRWA , was at work. Most of the people in the house did not have time to leave it between the hit of a “warning” rocket with a small amount of explosives and the hit of a heavy air bomb [44] .
  • On January 14, in the Gaza Sabra region, six members of the same family were killed in a courtyard of a drone fired from an unmanned aircraft: Izaddin Vahid Musa, his wife and four children. Another eight family members who were in the courtyard or in the house were injured [38] .
  • On January 15, in a Bedouin district of Beit Lahiya, near their home, they killed a rocket fired from an unmanned aircraft, three children - Sabrin Rmeilat (14 years old), Bara (1 year old) and Aridge (2.5 months), as well as their mother and grandmother [45] .

Material damage

 
Destruction in Rafiah

According to the Central Statistical Office of the Palestinian Authority, over 23,000 buildings were completely or partially destroyed in 23 days of the military operation in the Gaza Strip. Up to 80% of agricultural land was affected. The total damage is estimated at $ 1.9 billion [46] . According to the Palestinian Center for Human Rights, 15 thousand houses and hundreds of enterprises were destroyed or damaged [17] .

The premises of the Islamic University in Gaza [47] and the Palestinian College of Technology [6] were affected. A number of mosques were destroyed, which, according to Israel, were a place for weapons storage and terrorist gathering [48] [49] [50] . According to the UN, 18 schools were destroyed in Gaza, and more than 260 school buildings were damaged, including schools run by UNRWA. [36] According to WHO , out of 122 medical facilities, 15 hospitals and 41 clinics were damaged or destroyed [51] .

On April 28, 2011, the Israeli Supreme Court dismissed a lawsuit by human rights organizations acting on behalf of hundreds of Gaza residents demanding damages from Israel over the statute of limitations in this case. At the same time, the court noted that “it could extend the time limit for filing a lawsuit up to three years if the plaintiffs proved that during the period stipulated by law, they were not able to file a statement of claim ” [52] .

The Causes of the Lots of Victims and Destruction

According to Israeli sources, “the main cause of civilian casualties was the strategic decision by Hamas (and other terrorist organizations) to deploy its military infrastructure and fight against IDFs in densely populated areas with the civilian population, using it widely as human shields .” The reports of the Israel Defense Forces and the Terrorism Information Center provide specific examples of firing from or in close proximity to living quarters and public institutions, mining of civilian structures, including schools and mosques, warfare among civilians, and others [48] [ 49] [53] .

The UN Human Rights Council Commission, led by Richard Goldstone , concluded in its report that Israel had made significant efforts to alert civilians of the possible dangers, but the Israeli army repeatedly bombarded deliberately civilian targets and civilians using white shells phosphorus and shrapnel . The commission also accused Israel of intentionally destroying civilian objects without military necessity [54] . Amnesty International [55] and Human Rights Watch [56] have made similar charges against Israel.

According to the commission and human rights organizations, Hamas fighters launched rockets and fought in densely populated areas, not always distinguishing themselves from civilians [54] . The Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera writes that Hamas fighters deliberately provoked retaliatory fire on the population [57] .

The reports of Goldstone and human rights organizations have been criticized by many experts. They noted in these reports excessive trust in the testimonies of witnesses, including senior officials of the Hamas administration, ignoring Hamas’s tactics of using the population as a “human shield” and ignoring a number of additional factors (for example, “ friendly fire ”), as a result of which civilians, as well as residents of the sector who died or were injured as a result of the "shortage" of missiles launched through Israeli territory [49] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65 ] could die ] [66] . Reserve Colonel Richard Kemp , former commander of the British Armed Forces in Afghanistan, speaking at a special session of the UN Human Rights Council in October 2009 on behalf of UN Watch , said civilian casualties were the result of Hamas tactics involving the use of human shields . According to Kemp, Hamas intentionally sacrificed his fellow citizens [67]

Subsequently, in April 2011, Richard Goldstone partially disavowed accusations against Israel of deliberate shelling of civilians, writing, in particular, that “the UN Human Rights Council that ordered the report was anti-Israeli and that if such a document were created now, the data would be completely different ” [68] [69] .

Israel

Among the Israelis, 13 people were killed (10 military personnel, 3 civilians) and 518 wounded (336 soldiers and 182 civilians).

Killed soldiers

  1. Warrant Officer Lutfi Nasraladdin, 38, from Daliyat al-Carmel , grandson of the former Knesset deputy from the Likud party, Amal Nasraladdin, died on 12/30/2009. [70]
  2. Senior sergeant Dvir Imanuelov, 22 years old, from the village of Givat-Zeev , the Golani brigade , died on 04/01/2009. [71]
  3. Corporal Yusuf Muadi, 19 years old, from Haifa , the Golani brigade, died on 05.01.2009. [72]
  4. Major Dagan Wertmann, 32, from the village of Maale-Mijmas , the Golani brigade, died on 05.01.2009. [73]
  5. Senior sergeant Netai Stern, 21 years old, from Jerusalem , the Golani brigade, died on January 5, 2009. [73]
  6. Captain Jonathan Netanel, 27 years old, from the settlement of Kdumim , the Golani brigade, died on 01/05/2009. [73]
  7. Senior sergeant Alexander Moshovitsky, 21, from Be'er Sheva , a special unit of engineering troops " Yahalom " ("Diamond"), died 06/01/2009. [74]
  8. Major Roi Rosner, 27, from Holon , company commander in the Haruv battalion of the Kfir brigade , died on 01/08/2009. [75] [76]
  9. Captain Omer Rabinovich, 23 years old, from Arad , the Golani brigade, died on 01/08/2009. [77]
  10. Senior sergeant Amit Robinson, 20 years old, from the Magal kibbutz , the 71st Reshet armored battalion of the Barak brigade , died on 01/08/2009 [78] .

The deaths of Israeli soldiers occurred for the following reasons:

  • One soldier (Lutfi Nasraladdin) died as a result of rocket fire from Hamas.
  • Four (Yusuf Muadi, Dagan Wertman, Netai Stern, Jonathan Netanel) died as a result of the "friendly fire" of an Israeli tank [79] .
  • Five people died in clashes with Hamas militants.

As a result of the investigation into the causes of the death of the military personnel from the “friendly fire”, it turned out that in both cases of firing on their own, Israeli tankers incorrectly identified the buildings that they were supposed to follow [80] .

Lost civilians

  1. Beber Vaknin, 58, Netivot , mortally wounded on December 27 [81] .
  2. Irit Shitrit, 39 years old, Ashdod , was killed on December 29 [82] .
  3. Hani Almohadi, 27, from the Bedouin village of Aruer , was killed on December 29 in Ashkelon [83] .

Wounded

 
Israeli woman injured during a missile attack on Be'er Sheva

During the operation and the accompanying shelling of Israeli territory by Hamas, 336 Israeli soldiers and 182 civilians were injured. Among the last 4, the injured were severely injured, 11 received moderate injuries and 167 were injured lightly [32]

Causes of Civil Loss

All dead and wounded civilians suffered exclusively as a result of targeted missile and mortar shelling of Israeli settlements, including houses, schools and other civilian objects, by Hamas and other terrorist organizations of Gaza [48] [49] . The Goldstone Commission noted that the relatively low number of victims of shelling is due primarily to measures taken by the Israeli government (early warning, bomb shelters) at the cost of enormous financial costs. However, the commission expressed concern that early warning systems and bomb shelters were not enough in Israeli Israeli settlements. [84]

Material damage

In Israel, as a result of shelling from the Gaza Strip from December 27, 2008 to January 18, 2009, more than 50 residential and public buildings were damaged. The shelling also affected manufacturing facilities in Ashkelon and Ashdod , and agricultural facilities in the Negev . The total direct material damage from shelling is millions of dollars. In total, according to CNL-NEWS, 1–1.5 billion dollars were spent on the operation [46] .

Summary of casualties

Human Rights OrganizationsOfficial data
Bezel [33]Palestinian Center for Human Rights [17] [18] [85]Israel Defense Forces [86]Ministry of Health [51]
Hamas Ministry of the Interior [21]
Palestinians total, including13901417 [17] / 1419 [18]11661505 [16]
Militants349236709 [87]350-450 [88]
Civil759926 [17] [89]295
Involvement in hostilities not defined32 + 2 [90]162
Hamas cops248 [91]255 [92]250 [93]
Women11011649114
Children and teens34431389431
Israelis total, including1313
Military10 [94]10 [94]
Civil33

Note to the table: the total number of dead Palestinians is not a column summation, since they partially overlap.

Conflict Victims

On December 28, 2008, Hamas fighters shot and killed a major Egyptian police on the Gaza border during a failed attempt to break through the border. Another policeman was injured [95] [96] . On January 11, 2009, two Egyptian border guards and two children were injured by fragments of a bomb from an Israeli air strike near the border with Egypt in the Rafiah region. [97]

On January 8, a truck driver, a local Arab who worked for the UNRWA refugee assistance agency, died in Gaza. Representatives of UNRWA accused Israel of the driver’s death [98] , Israel claimed to have evidence of the death of the driver from Hamas sniper fire [99] . In total, 6 local UN employees and 2 physicians died during the conflict [100] .

Among the dead in Gaza are also a citizen of Ukraine Albina Vladimirovna Al-Zharu (Stakhurskaya) 36 years old and her two-year-old son. The 12-year-old daughter of a Ukrainian woman was hospitalized in the intensive care unit. They suffered on January 8 under unclear circumstances during the battle between the Israeli army and Hamas militants [101] [102] [103] .

Fahmi al-Zahir, a representative of the Palestinian Fatah organization, claimed that during Operation Cast Lead, Hamas members killed 16 and wounded more than 80 Fatah activists, using military operations to settle accounts [104] . Representatives of the human rights organization Amnesty International confirmed these allegations against Hamas and stated that they have evidence of Hamas involvement in the killing of twenty people from December 27, 2008 to February 10, 2009. [105] Similar data (up to 30 killed) were also provided by Human Rights Watch [106] .

Notes

  1. ↑ The withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Gaza Strip continues: withdrawn reservists expect demobilization (neopr.) . NEWSru.com (January 20, 2009). Date of treatment June 1, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  2. ↑ Hereinafter, this name is used in such a phrase, since the Hamas police units do not belong to any state, including the official structures of the Palestinian Authority , and Israel considers these structures to be terrorist fighters.
  3. ↑ 1 2 Original article from Corriere della Sera : Lorenzo Cremonesi. Così i ragazzini di Hamas ci hanno utilizzato come bersagli (Italian) // Corriere della Sera. - Rome, 22 gennaio 2009.
  4. ↑ 1 2 Italian journalist: the number of Palestinians killed does not exceed 600 (neopr.) . NEWSru.com (January 22, 2009). Date of treatment June 1, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012.
  5. ↑ B'Tselem's investigation of fatalities in Operation Cast Lead (neopr.) . B'Tselem (September 9, 2009). Date of treatment February 21, 2010. Archived February 21, 2010.
  6. ↑ 1 2 The number of Palestinians killed during Operation Cast Lead has reached 418 (neopr.) . NEWSru.com (January 2, 2009). Date of treatment May 29, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012.
  7. ↑ The death toll as a result of the elimination of Nizar Ryan reached 19 people (neopr.) . NEWSru.co.il (January 1, 2009). Date of treatment July 5, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  8. ↑ Katz Y. Cast Lead criminal probe still open 3 yrs on (Eng.) // Jerusalem Post . - 05/12/2011.
  9. ↑ Amnesty International , pp. 20-21.
  10. ↑ להעלים את הפחד במרכז היהודי בקווינס (Hebrew) . Ynet (November 14, 2011). Date of treatment June 11, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012. (Shira Averbukh, “Destroy Fear.” About the speech of Dr. Izz ad-Din Abu al-Aish at the Jewish Center in Queens )
  11. ↑ 1 2 תחקיר צה"ל: בנותיו של הרופא נהרגו מירי ישראלי (Hebrew) . Ha-Arez (February 5, 2009). Date accessed June 11, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012. (Amos Harel, Anshil Fefer, “AOI Investigation: the daughters of the doctor died from the fire of Israel ")
  12. ↑ Amnesty International , p. 23.
  13. ↑ הרופא שבנותיו נהרגו: הן היו חיילות של שלום (Hebrew) . Ynet (January 17, 2009). Date of treatment June 29, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012. (Meital Yas'ur Beit-Or, “Doctor, whose daughters died: they were peace fighters”)
  14. ↑ UN Secretary General strongly condemned the shelling of schools in the Gaza Strip (Neopr.) . UN (01/06/2009). Date of treatment July 14, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  15. ↑ Fire at the UN school in Gaza was a response to the shelling of militants - the Israeli army (neopr.) . Xronika.Az (01/06/2009). Date of treatment July 14, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  16. ↑ 1 2 Medics identify the 1,505th victim of Gaza assault . Maan News Agency. Date of treatment July 11, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  17. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Rights group names 1,417 Gaza war dead , Washington Times (March 19, 2009). Archived February 21, 2010. Date of treatment March 19, 2009.
  18. ↑ 1 2 3 3 Years After Operation Cast Lead Justice has been Comprehensively Denied; PCHR Release 23 Narratives Documenting the Experience of Victims . Palestinian Center for Human Rights (12/27/2011). Date of treatment July 11, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  19. ↑ IDF compiles a list of insurgents killed during Operation Cast Lead (Neopr.) . NEWSru.com (January 22, 2009). Date of treatment May 29, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012.
  20. ↑ Bethany Bell. Counting casualties of Gaza's war . BBC News (01/28/1009). Date of treatment May 17, 2012. Archived June 7, 2012.
  21. ↑ 1 2 Hamas admitted for the first time: during the “Cast Lead," about 700 militants died (neopr.) . NEWSru.co.il (11.11.2010). Date of treatment May 14, 2012. Archived on June 7, 2012.
  22. ↑ Israel / Gaza: Civilians Must Not Be Targets (neopr.) . Human Rights Watch (December 30, 2008). Date of treatment June 12, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012.
  23. ↑ Israel's Gaza toll far lower than Palestinian tally , Reuters (Mar 26, 2009). Date of treatment June 12, 2012.
  24. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Analysis of the number of Palestinians killed during Operation Cast Lead shows that most of them were terrorist fighters and members of the Hamas security forces killed in clashes with the Israel Defense Forces (neopr.) . Information Center for the Study of Terrorism at the Center for Special Studies ( CSI ) (April 7, 2009). Date of treatment October 4, 2009. Archived on August 25, 2011.
  25. ↑ Three weeks of Operation Cast Lead in Gaza. Photoreport (neopr.) . Newsru.co.il (January 18, 2009). Date of treatment June 15, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012.
  26. ↑ Hamas hides the casualties suffered by its operatives: Hamas's main online forum censors the publication of names and photographs of operatives killed in Operation Cast Lead . Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center (12/01/2009). Date of treatment June 1, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012.
  27. ↑ Many of the police officers, according to the results of the investigation, simultaneously were in the ranks of the Brigades Az al-Din al-Kassam
  28. ↑ Palestinians counted their victims (neopr.) . MIGnews (04/27/2009). Date of treatment June 1, 2012. Archived July 19, 2013.
  29. ↑ The youngest casualties of the conflict in Gaza . The Guardian (January 9, 2009). Date of treatment July 5, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  30. ↑ The Hidden Crisis: Armed Conflict and Education. - UNESCO , 2011. - P. 186. - 416 p. - ISBN 9789231041914 .
  31. ↑ Amnesty International , p. one.
  32. ↑ 1 2 Field Update on Gaza from The Humanitarian Coordinator (inaccessible link) . United Nations, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (20-21 January 2009). Date of treatment July 13, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  33. ↑ 1 2 Fatalities during operation "Cast Lead" (unopened) (link not available) . B'Tselem . Date of treatment June 12, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012.
  34. ↑ Palestinian doctor: there were 600 dead, not 1300 (neopr.) . - An article on Zman.com (January 22, 2009).
  35. ↑ Corriere Della Sera: Hamas overestimated casualty data (neopr.) . Rosbalt (01/22/2009). Date of treatment July 8, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  36. ↑ 1 2 Events in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and in Israel: the situation of children and armed conflict (unopened) . UN (April 13, 2010). Date of treatment June 30, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  37. ↑ Amnesty International , p. 15.
  38. ↑ 1 2 Amnesty International , p. 17.
  39. ↑ Amnesty International , p. sixteen.
  40. ↑ Amnesty International , pp. 28-29.
  41. ↑ Amnesty International , p. 12.
  42. ↑ Amnesty International , p. 22.
  43. ↑ Amnesty International , p. 14.
  44. ↑ Amnesty International , p. eleven.
  45. ↑ Amnesty International , p. 18.
  46. ↑ 1 2 Cast Lead: numbers. Statistics of the war on terror in Gaza (neopr.) . CNL-NEWS (01.20.2009). Date of treatment July 5, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  47. ↑ Israeli Air Force bombed the Islamic University of Gaza (Neopr.) . Lenta.ru (12/29/2008). Date of treatment July 5, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  48. ↑ 1 2 3 The Operation in Gaza December 27, 2008 - January 18, 2009. Factual and Legal Aspects (inaccessible link) . Israel Defense Forces (July 2009). Date of treatment June 24, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012.
  49. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Hamas and the Terrorist Threat from the Gaza Strip. The Main Findings of the Goldstone Report Versus the Factual Findings . Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center (March, 2010). Date of treatment June 24, 2012. Archived June 28, 2012.
  50. ↑ The Israeli Air Force fired at a mosque in the Palestinian refugee camp of Jabaliya (Neopr.) . NEWSru.co.il (January 2, 2009). Date of treatment July 8, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
  51. ↑ 1 2 Field Updae on Gaza from the Humanitariian Coordinator: 3-5 February 2009, 1700 hours (unopened) (link not available) . United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (February 5, 2009). Date of treatment May 2, 2009. Archived March 23, 2012.
  52. ↑ BAGAC rejected the lawsuit against Gaza residents demanding compensation for Cast Lead , NEWSru.com (April 28, 2011). Date of treatment June 25, 2012.
  53. ↑ Operation Cast Lead. Humanitarian Aspects (англ.) . Армия обороны Израиля . Дата обращения 24 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  54. ↑ 1 2 Goldstone R. Human Rights in Palestine and other Occupied Arab Territories, Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . United Nations Human Rights (15 September 2009). Дата обращения 13 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  55. ↑ Amnesty International , pp. 1, 7—8, 54—56.
  56. ↑ Precisely Wrong (англ.) . Human Rights Watch (June 30, 2009). Дата обращения 3 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  57. ↑ Lorenzo Cremonesi. «Così i ragazzini di Hamas ci hanno utilizzato come bersagli» (итал.) . Corriere della Sera (21-01-2009). Дата обращения 14 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года. Перевод
  58. ↑ Jonathan D. Halevi. Blocking the Truth of the Gaza War (англ.) . Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs (September 18, 2009). Дата обращения 8 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  59. ↑ Использование Хамасом гражданских лиц в вооруженном конфликте , Информационный центр изучения терроризма , Центр специальных исследований (ЦСИ), Январь 2009 года
  60. ↑ Operation Cast Lead – Gaza, Hamas and Israel (англ.) . Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs . Дата обращения 3 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  61. ↑ IDF Response to Amnesty Report (англ.) . Армия обороны Израиля (02 July 2009). Дата обращения 25 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  62. ↑ IsraelNN TV staff. IDF Responds to 'Not Credible, Unreliable' Amnesty Report (англ.) . IsraelNN (7/2/2009). Дата обращения 25 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  63. ↑ Ratna Pelle; Wouter Brassé. Gaza War: A Review of Amnesty International's Report on Operation Cast Lead (англ.) . Israel – Palestine Info (August 25, 2009). Дата обращения 25 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  64. ↑ Jim Molan. UN's bias binds Gaza (англ.) . The Australian (October 02, 2009). Дата обращения 25 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  65. ↑ As the UN endorses Goldstone report, even Goldstone now criticizes the UN (англ.) . Mideast Dispatch Archive (October 17, 2009). Дата обращения 25 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  66. ↑ см. также соответствующие разделы статьи Международное право и операция «Литой свинец»
  67. ↑ Richard Kemp. Mistakes are not war crimes, UNHRC endorses Goldstone's Gaza report by large majority (англ.) . Jerusalem Post (10/16/2009). Дата обращения 25 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  68. ↑ Goldstone R. Reconsidering the Goldstone Report on Israel and war crimes (англ.) . The Washington Post (April 2, 2011). Дата обращения 10 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  69. ↑ Котлер Э. Реабилитация «Литого свинца» (неопр.) . Радио «Свобода» (06.04.2011). Дата обращения 24 июня 2012. Архивировано 27 июня 2012 года.
  70. ↑ При обстреле Израиля погиб внук бывшего депутата кнессета (неопр.) . Курсор (30.12.2008). Дата обращения 8 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  71. ↑ Имена израильтян, погибших за время операции «Литой свинец» (неопр.) . — статья на сайте Zman.com .
  72. ↑ Инцидент к северу от Газы: 3 военнослужащих ЦАХАЛа погибли, более 20 ранены (неопр.) . NEWSru.co.il (6 января 2009). Дата обращения 8 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  73. ↑ 1 2 3 Разрешены к публикации имена военнослужащих, погибших в секторе Газы (неопр.) . NEWSru.co.il (6 января 2009). Дата обращения 11 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  74. ↑ Опубликовано имя погибшего солдата (неопр.) . NEWSru.com (6 января 2009). Дата обращения 1 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  75. ↑ В Газе погиб офицер ЦАХАЛа (неопр.) . Курсор (08.01.2009). Дата обращения 10 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  76. ↑ Названо имя погибшего офицера ЦАХАЛа (неопр.) . Mignews (08.01.2009). Дата обращения 11 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  77. ↑ В Газе погиб офицер бригады «Голани» (неопр.) . — статья на сайте Zman.com .
  78. ↑ В Газе погиб ещё один солдат ЦАХАЛа (неопр.) . — статья на сайте Zman.com .
  79. ↑ Мясников В. ЦАХАЛ выучил уроки второй ливанской кампании // Независимая газета . — М. , 2009-01-16.
  80. ↑ Завершено расследование по делу о «дружественном огне» в Газе (неопр.) . NEWSru.co.il (9 августа 2009). Дата обращения 13 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  81. ↑ Названо имя израильтянина, убитого взрывом «Касама» (неопр.) . MIGnews (27.12.2008). Дата обращения 13 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  82. ↑ Похороны Ирит Шитрит (неопр.) . — статья на сайте Zman.com .
  83. ↑ Оперативная обстановка на юге Израиля на первое января (неопр.) . Курсор (1 января 2009). Дата обращения 13 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  84. ↑ Human Rights Council , pp. 32—33.
  85. ↑ The Dead in the course of the Israeli recent military offensive on the Gaza strip between 27 December 2008 and 18 January 2009 (неопр.) . Palestinian Center for Human Rights (19 марта 2009). Дата обращения 29 апреля 2009. Архивировано 3 марта 2011 года.
  86. ↑ IDF releases Cast Lead casualty numbers (неопр.) . Jerusalem Post (March 26, 2009). Дата обращения 22 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2010 года.
  87. ↑ АОИ считает полицейских частью вооружённых сил Хамас . The Operation in Gaza: Factual and Legal Aspects IMFA, July 29, 2009
  88. ↑ 200—300 боевиков бригад «Изз ад-Дин аль-Кассам» и 150 «сотрудников служб безопасности» — по классификации министра внутренних дел Хамас Фатхи Хамада .
  89. ↑ В декабре 2011 года ПЦПЧ опубликовал другую цифру — 1167 гражданских из 1419 погибших. При этом он не пояснил, входят ли полицейские в число гражданских и сколько погибло боевиков
  90. ↑ Двое убиты во время точечных ликвидаций
  91. ↑ Цифра относится к убитым в главном здании и участках полиции
  92. ↑ Цифра относится к тем, кого Палестинский центр по правам человека классифицировал как «невоенизированных служащих полиции». PCHR Contests Distortion of Gaza Strip Death Toll , PCHR, March 2006, 2009.
  93. ↑ Цифра относится к тем, кого обозначил полицейскими министр внутренних дел Хамас Фатхи Хамад .
  94. ↑ 1 2 Включая 4 солдат, погибших от «дружественного огня»
  95. ↑ Боевики ХАМАС застрелили египетского офицера на границе с Газой (неопр.) . РИА Новости (28.12.2008). Дата обращения 13 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  96. ↑ Рафиах: в ходе перестрелки погиб египетский полицейский, ещё один ранен (неопр.) . NEWSru.co.il (28.12.2008). Дата обращения 13 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  97. ↑ Two Egyptian Children, Police Injured in Israeli Air Strike Near Gaza Border (англ.) . Voice of America (January 11, 2009). Дата обращения 4 мая 2011. Архивировано 23 марта 2012 года.
  98. ↑ ООН в гневе на Израиль. ХАМАСу все прощается (неопр.) . isra.com (08.01.2009). Дата обращения 14 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  99. ↑ ООН возобновит деятельность гуманитарной миссии в Газе (неопр.) . MIGnews (9.01.2009). Дата обращения 14 июля 2012. Архивировано 23 апреля 2009 года.
  100. ↑ ЦАХАЛ: в операции «Литой свинец» убито более 600 террористов и 309 мирных жителей Газы (неопр.) . isra.com (25.03.2009). Дата обращения 14 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  101. ↑ Гибель «палестинки» из Одессы: Украина выдвинула требования к Израилю (неопр.) . Izrus.co.il (13.05.2009). Дата обращения 20 ноября 2012.
  102. ↑ В секторе Газа погибли гражданка Украины и её ребенок (неопр.) . Lenta.ru (08.01.2009). Дата обращения 5 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  103. ↑ Гражданка Украины и её ребенок погибли во время обстрела в Газе (неопр.) . РИА Новости (08.01.2009). Дата обращения 14 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  104. ↑ ХАМАС: «Наши службы безопасности во время войны воевали и поддерживали порядок» (неопр.) . NEWSru.co.il (21 января 2009). Дата обращения 5 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  105. ↑ Amnesty International: ХАМАС использовал "Литой свинец" для расправы с противниками (неопр.) . NEWSru.co.il (10 февраля 2009). Дата обращения 14 июля 2012. Архивировано 4 августа 2012 года.
  106. ↑ Human Rights Watch: ХАМАС убил 32 жителей Газы во время и после операции «Литой свинец» , NEWSru.com (20 апреля 2009 г.). Дата обращения 3 июля 2012.

Links

  • Они сражались за Родину: список погибших в операции «Литой свинец»
  • Bethany Bell. Counting casualties of Gaza's war (англ.) . BBC (28 January 2009). Дата обращения 4 мая 2011. Архивировано 23 марта 2012 года.
  • Study: Civilians Majority of Gaza War Dead (англ.) . CBS (Sept. 9, 2009). Дата обращения 4 мая 2011. Архивировано 23 марта 2012 года.
  • Amnesty International (July 2009). Israel/Gaza. Operation 'Cast Lead': 22 days of death and destruction (pdf) (in English). Пресс-релиз . Архивировано из первоисточника 12 января 2012. Проверено 2012-06-12 .
  • Goldstone R. & other. Human Rights in Palestine and other Occupied Arab Territories, Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Human Rights Council (15 September 2009). Дата обращения 10 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
  • Operation Cast Lead (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Армия обороны Израиля . — подборка материалов. Дата обращения 25 июня 2012. Архивировано 28 июня 2012 года.
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Потери_во_время_операции_«Литой_свинец»&oldid=100111149


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