Sariel (other options are Sariil , Suril , Sarakael ; Tsuriel [1] ) - one of the archangels, who, according to the book of Enoch, is the head of "over the souls of the sons of men."
Content
In ancient texts
In the first book of Enoch, Sariel is one of the four archangels; God sends him to Noah to warn of the flood . There are several discrepancies between the various versions of the book of Enoch - Sariel is not always mentioned.
| Book of Enoch | 1 Enoch 9.1 [2] | 1 Enoch 10.1 [3] | 1 Enoch 20.6 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First angel | Second angel | Third angel | Fourth angel | |||
| Ethiopian text | Michael | Gabriel | Suriel | Uriel | Arsyalalur [4] | Saracael |
| Greek text | Michael | Uriel | Raphael | Gabriel | Istrael ( Greek Ιστραήλ , Gizeh Papyrus), Uriel ( Greek Ούριήλ , Sinkell ) | Sariel |
| Aramaic text | Michael | Sariel | Raphael | Gabriel | Sariel | - |
Blake notes that replacing Sariel with Uriel in Gizeh Papyrus reflects a late tradition when Uriel began to be seen as the guardian of hell [5] . Sariel is also mentioned among the seven archangels as “ one of the holy angels who is set over the souls of the sons of men who persuaded spirits to sin ” (1 Enoch 4.27 [20]). Sariel is not mentioned in the first book of Enoch, and Fanuel occupies the place of Sariel among the four archangels. Some researchers tend to identify Fanuel and Sariel [6] .
Sariel ( Hebrew שריאל ) is mentioned in the Dead Sea Scroll 1QM (“ War of the Sons of Light against the Sons of Darkness ”), as a name written on the third shield of the tower. The names of other archangels were written on other shields: on the first - Michael, on the second - presumably Gabriel (the manuscript is poorly preserved in this place), on the fourth - Raphael [7] [8] . Additionally, it is indicated that Sariel and Raphael are on the right, Michael and Gabriel are on the left.
In the pseudo-epigraph “ Adam and Eve 's Fight with Satan, ” God orders Sariel and Salatiel to take Adam and Eve and lower them from the top of a high mountain to the Treasure Cave [9] .
In the Slavic translation apocrypha “The Ladder of Jacob, ” God sends the archangel Sariel to explain his dream to Jacob. Sariel's face was terrible, but Jacob already saw the angel's face in a dream and was not afraid of his sight. Sariel tells Jacob that Jacob's name is now Israel (cf. Gen. 32:28 ), the same as his own name (Sariel is an anagram of Israel) [10] .
Origen mentions Sariel ( lat. Suriel ) when he describes a certain diagram of the Gnostic sect of the Ofian [11] . In this diagram, Sariel was depicted among the seven angels in the form of a bull (the other six are Michael, Raphael, Gabriel, Faufafaof, Erafaof, as well as Onoel or Farfaraof). Seven circles separated from each other, depicting seven angels, were placed in one circle, meaning the soul of the world - Leviathan .
On the Babylonian clay cups of about VI-VII centuries BC. e. the names of the angels Sariel and Barakel were used to remove curses [12] .
Middle Ages
In the medieval grimoire “The Sworn Book of Honorius, ” Sariel is listed among the angels of the 8th month ( lat. Saryell ) and the angels of the 10th month ( lat. Saryel ) [13] . In the grimoire “The Lesser Key of Solomon ”, Sariel is one of the nocturnal Spirits serving King Asteliel and King Gediel [14] [15] .
See also
- Archangel Uriel
Notes
- ↑ Ophites // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron . - SPb. , 1908-1913.
- ↑ Marinus de Jonge. Outside the old testament . - Cambridge University Press, 1985.
- ↑ Maxwell J. Davidson. Angels at Qumran . - Continuum International Publishing Group, 1992. - ISBN 1850753326 .
- ↑ Arsyalālyur (Rylands Ethiopic MS 23), other Ethiopian options - Asarya Leyēr, Asuryē Ulyēr, Asarēyē Lalyēr, Asre'ēlyēr, Asreyēlyēl, Asureyāl
- ↑ Matthew Black, James C. VanderKam, Otto Neugebauer. The Book of Enoch Or I Enoch . - BRILL, 1985 .-- ISBN 9004071008 .
- ↑ Craig A. Evans. Of Scribes and Sages . - Continuum International Publishing Group, 2004. - ISBN 0567084477 .
- ↑ 1QM 9: 15-16
- ↑ Jacob Neusner, Morton Smith. Christianity, Judaism and Other Greco-Roman Cults .
- ↑ Rutherford H. Platt. The Struggle of Adam and Eve with Satan, XXXI // The Forgotten Books of Eden . - Forgotten Books. - ISBN 1605060976 .
- ↑ James, MR The lost Apocrypha of the Old Testament . - London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1920 .-- S. 98.
- ↑ Against Celsus. VI, 30.
- ↑ Traditions of Magic in Late Antiquity. Protective Magic. Babylonian Demon Bowls . “I removed the curses imposed on [my client] and returned them to those who imposed them, until they cancel them and release [my client], by the names of the angel Sariel and the angel Barakiel. - Original text: I sent back the curses of those who cursed [my client] to their masters until they release and bless in the name of Sariel the angel and Barakiel the angel. ” Date of treatment February 8, 2009. Archived December 2, 2008.
- ↑ Joseph H. Peterson. Liber Juratus (Royal MS 17 Axlii) or The Sworne Booke of Honorius . Date of treatment February 8, 2009. Archived March 23, 2012.
- ↑ Theurgy of Goetia . Date of treatment June 5, 2019. Archived March 23, 2012.
- ↑ Theurgia Goetia. Book II of the Lemegeton . Date of treatment February 8, 2009. Archived March 23, 2012.
Links
- Angels & Demons . - Tables of names of angels and demons. Date of treatment February 8, 2009. Archived March 23, 2012.