The Chapakurian languages (Chapakura-Vanyamsky, Vamo-Chapakurian) are the almost extinct Native American language family. The area is southwestern Brazil (the basin of the Guapor and Madeira rivers) and northeastern Bolivia (departments of Santa Cruz and Beni). Three to five living Chapakur languages have been preserved there, and the previous existence of another 7 to 14 idioms is known.
| Chapakur languages | |
|---|---|
| Taxon | family |
| Area | Brazil , Bolivia , |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of South America : Western Amazonia I |
| |
| Composition | |
| 2 branches | |
| Language group codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-5 | - |
Composition
The latest classification of the Chapakur languages is as follows [Kaufman 1994].
- North branch
- Torah † - South of Amazonas , Lower Mamelos River
- Actually Chapakur branch (Central Chapakur)
- guapors group (itene, guapore):
- kabishi (pavumua-kabishi) † - approx. 100 pax in Brazil ( Mato Grosso State) and Bolivia (northeast Beni department)
- Wanyam (Wanyam) † - Brazil (State of Rondonia )
- several groups close to Wuany, whose languages are practically unknown (Rondonia): Abitan, Kuyun (Kuzhuna), Kuman, Kuyubi (Kuzhubi), Urunumak (N), Matau (Matama), Kutinaa
- itene (sea, moregen) † - Bolivia (north of the Beni department)
- Madeira group (vari, wari, south chapakura):
- Pakaasnovos (Orovari, Vari, Huari, Paka Nova) - 1930 people, Brazil (western Rondonia , on the border with Bolivia)
- oro vin - 5 carriers, Brazil ( Rondonia , live among the wari)
- urupa (urupá-yaru, uru-pa-in) † - Brazil ( Rondonia
- Yaru (heat; Yaru, Jarú) † - was distributed along the river Zharu (state of Rondonia), from it there was only a short list of words; it is considered either a dialect of the Urup language (Nimuendajú 1925; Aikhenvald, Dixon 1999), then a separate language (Fabre 2005), or one of the synonyms of the Uari language (Fabre 2005; Ethnologue 2009).
- chapapura (uachi) † - Bolivia ( Santa Cruz )
- kitemo-nape ( kitemoka - napeka ) † - Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
- guapors group (itene, guapore):
In addition, there is a San Simognano group in Bolivia, a language that also apparently belonged to the Chapakur languages, but its exact place in the classification is unclear [Faber 2005].
External Relations
Perhaps the Chapakur languages were close to the vanished Wamo language.
Literature
- Angenot, Geralda de Lima Victor. Subsídios para a glotocronologia lexicoestatística da família Chapakura . Guajará-Mirim: UNIR Working Papers in Amerindian Linguistics. Série 'Documentos de Trabalho'. 1995.
- Angenot, Jean-Pierre - Celso Ferrarezi Jr. A descoberta de línguas 100% isolantes: a família Chapakura da Amazônia . Working Papers in Amerindian Linguistics. Guajará-Mirim: UNIR. 1997
- Everett, Daniel L. A critical evaluation of Greenberg's classification of Arawan, Chapacuran, and Muran // A. Taylor (ed.), Language and prehistory in the Americas . Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005
- Everett, Daniel L. - Barbara Kern. Wari: The Pacaas novos language of Western Brazil . Londres: Routledge, 1996.
- Fabre, Alain. Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos. On-line , 2005.
- Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World 16th Ed. Dallas, Tex .: SIL International, 2009. On-line: http://www.ethnologue.com/ .
- Kaufman, Terrence. The native languages of South America // C. Mosley & RE Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world languages. London: Routledge, 1994. (pp. 46–76)
- Loukotka, Čestmír. Classification of South American Indian languages . Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California, 1968
- Maldi, Denise. O complexo cultural do marico: sociedades indígenas dos ríos Branco, Colorado e Mequens, afluentes do médio Guaporé . Boletim do MPEG, Antropología 7/2: 209-269, 1991.
- Métraux, Alfred. Les Indiens Chapacura . Anales del Instituto de Etnografía Americana 1, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Mendoza, 1940.
- Nimuendajú, Curt. As tribus do Alto Madeira. JSAP 17 (1925): 137-172 pp.
- Paternotte, Damien. Classificação fonoestatística e léxicoestatística da família Chapakura . Ponencia al "XI Encontró Nacional da ANPOLL", João Pessoa, Paraíba, 3-6 de junio 1996.
- Plaza M., Pedro - Juan Carvajal C. Etnias y lenguas de Bolivia . La Paz, 1985.
- Rodrigues, Aryon D. Línguas brasileiras . São Paulo: Ediçôes Loyola, 1986.
- Rodríguez Bazán, Luis Antonio. Estado de las lenguas indígenas del Oriente, Chaco y Amazonas bolivianos // Francisco Queixalós & Odile Renault-Lescure (eds.), As línguas amazônicas hoje : 129-149. São Paulo: ISA / IRD / MPEG, 2000.