Huari (sometimes called Vari , Spanish: Huari , (from Quechua wari “ruins”) is a Native American culture of the pre-Indo period (“middle horizon”) that existed in the Central Andes on the southern and central coast of modern Peru in about 500 CE. - 1000 A.D.
The best-preserved cultural monuments of Uari are located near the cities of Quinua, Chiclayo, Pikillakta (the latter is located not far from Cuzco “on the way” to Lake Titicaca ). An interesting monument to Huari are the petroglyphs of Toro Muerto .
In December 2008, the well-preserved city of Cerro Patapo was discovered in the northern part of Peru (until that time it was believed that the kingdom of Huari occupied only the southern coastal part). Traces of human sacrifice were found in the city.
The Huari culture, whose name is referred to as Vari in some publications, should not be confused with the Vari people, who have nothing to do with it, and the similarity of names is random.
Power and Culture of Uari
The capital of the state of Huari, also Huari, was several tens of kilometers from the modern city of Ayacucho in Peru. From the earliest times, the kingdom of Huari included the important cult center of Pachacamac , although it retained some autonomy. Later, Uari swallowed up most of the land of Moche (the former Mochik culture), and later - Chimor ( Chimu culture) and a number of small cultures ( Rekuay and others).
At the head of the power of Uari was the king ( punchau )
Uari power coexisted with its southern neighbor - the power of Pukin . In time, the rulers of Huari correspond to the kings of the 2nd Pukin dynasty (ruled 367-869 in Tiwanaku ). However, the details of the political relationship between the powers and their dynasties are unknown.
Huari culture played an important role for its time. With the culture of Tiwanaku, Uari shared some similarities in the cultural style. Historians are still arguing about the relationship between the two cultures, and a number of them have argued that the similarity of styles can be traced back to the earlier Pukar style (Isbell 1991).
The state of Huari established administrative centers with their own architectural differences in many of their provinces. These centers are significantly different from Tiwanaku architecture (Conklin 1991). Despite the fact that little is known about the administrative system of Uari, and the Uari culture has not left written monuments, it should be assumed that there is a complex social hierarchy and social stratification, on the one hand, and a homogeneous administrative structure throughout the state, on the other.
The well-developed terraced agriculture during the Uari and the road network played an important role in the Inca state , which inherited the territory of the Uari.
Although Quechua has been the dominant language in the territory where the Huari state existed for a long time, comparative historical studies show that Huari was most likely a dialect of Aymara .
On the territory of the ancient settlement of Uari, the oldest of the known to us examples of nodular script Kipu , dated to the 7th century.
The culture of Huari began to decline in about 800 g. At the end of the 9th century, the power of Huari disintegrated into small estates, and many of its cities were abandoned by its inhabitants.
The successor of Huari became the kingdom of Huank .
Wari Clothing, Peru, 750–950 This tunic was made from 120 separate pieces of fabric, each of which was individually dyed. Ceramics of the same period in such clothes depict men with high social status. Textile Museum Collection
Ceramic wari
Wari Funeral Robe
Vilkavain Temple
Literature
- Collier, Simon et.al. (Ed.) . The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Latin America and the Caribbean. - Second Edition. - Cambridge University Press, 1992. - ISBN 0-521-41322-2 .