Barbarian street (Nizhny Novgorod)

Plan of the Barbarian street with the most important institutions. End of the 19th century

1870s. Photo by A.O. Karelin

Varvarskaya Street was designed by the master plan of Nizhny Novgorod in 1770 perpendicular to the section of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin on Blagoveshchenskaya Square (now Minin and Pozharsky Square) to the left of the Dmitrov Tower . The project of the planning of the architect A.V. Kvasov envisaged the development of the central part of the city along the main streets with stone houses, and along the secondary streets with semi-stone houses. Part of the street from the square to the Kovalikhinsky ravine was laid by 1787 during the General land surveying of the city and was named after the Church of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara located on it. The curved continuation of the street behind the church, which was subsequently straightened, until 1834 was called Gusevaya Street. The street ended with an outpost in the area of ​​the open rampart of the Bolshoi Ostrog, near which there was a wooden prison prison and then the wooden barbarian chapel.

Initially, the Barbarian Church was located on the square in front of the passage through the rampart and moat of the Lesser Ostrog, the remains of which were destroyed during the implementation of the 1770 plan. The square was crossed by the Kovalikhinsky stream, through which a wooden bridge was built.

In the 30-40s of the XIX century. instead of a bridge over the Kovalikhinsky creek, a barbaric dam was constructed, the carriageway was leveled, the ravine at the exit from the city was bombarded with an Ostrozhny dam. After sedimentation of bulk soil in 1844, the street was paved with tarred beams of long-lived lodges and barges, which began to be replaced with cobblestones in the 50s of the XIX century.

In the middle of the XIX century. local historian Nikolai Khramtsovsky wrote:

Barbaric street, crossing the Barbaric and Ostrozhnaya dams, rests on a prison castle; it contains: the Church of St. Barbara the Great Martyr, the Alexander Noble Institute, the pharmacy of V. Ye. Evenius, the office of the Society of Marine, River and Land Insurance and the broker's office of Bolotov. The Church of St. Barbara stands on the right side of the street, at the dam; two houses of the Alexander Institute occupy the entire space from the Post Office to Osipnaya Street; Mr. Evenius's pharmacy is placed in his own huge stone house, opposite the institute. It was discovered in 1780 by the father of its current owner and was at that time the only one in the entire Nizhny Novgorod province. The office of the Society for Marine, River and Land Insurance is located in the house of the merchant Bolotov, standing to the right, passing the church; there is also his brokerage office.

In addition to the houses of the Institute and Evenius, on Varvarka there are several more stone ones, of which the Treasury Chamber (former salt rule) and the merchant Dubitsky are remarkable in size: the first is on the corner of Osipnaya, and the second is against the dam.

After the revolution, the street was renamed in honor of the popular leader Vera Figner , a participant in the assassination attempt on Emperor Alexander II , who lived in Nizhny Novgorod in exile in 1905 and was supervised by the police in 1915 .

Church of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara

The wooden barbarian church was built at the beginning of the 16th century. The stone single-domed single-domed church was built in 1757 by the “care” of the clerk Denisov and the employee of the Stroganovs Shushpanov. The main throne was in honor of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God , and the left - in the name of the Great Martyr Barbara. The porch and the low bell tower were decorated with columns, on the bell tower there was a high spire. Alesha Peshkov , his mother Varvara Vasilyevna and grandfather Vasily Kashirin were baptized in the Barbarian Church.

In 1958, the building of the “former church on the street. Figner in connection with its emergency condition "demolished. A cafe was built in its place, and in the 1970s, a fountain in front of the House of Political Education, the building of which now houses the Chamber of Commerce and the Jupiter Concert Hall (house No. 1 on Oktyabrskaya Square).

Alexander Noble Institute (Building No. 3)

The most significant institution in Varvarka was the Alexander Noble Institute , the complex of buildings of which now houses the Nizhny Novgorod State Regional Universal Scientific Library . The Alexander Noble Institute was a closed secondary general male institution for preparing noble children for admission to Russian universities. He arose from a noble boarding house at the all-class provincial gymnasium. Its grand opening took place on August 30, 1844 .

The building complex for the institute was purchased from local homeowners and rebuilt. The building reconstruction project was carried out by architect A. A. Pakhomov. He also completed the design of the carved single-tier iconostasis of the house church of Alexander Nevsky, the icons in which were painted by professor of the Academy of Arts A.E. Yegorov . A gymnasium and an L-shaped two-story brick house for teachers and ministers for 30 families were built in the courtyard. The gymnasium was intended for fencing and dance lessons, so it had choirs for musicians in two classes. In 1886, from the side of Osypnaya (Piskunov) street, a belfry with five bells was attached to the building. The architecture and the stucco decoration of the building are still preserved. The institute was named Alexandrovsky in honor of Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich , who approved the project of architect Pakhomov.

The institute's pride was its graduates: the head of the " Mighty Handful " M. A. Balakirev ; mathematician V.A. Steklov ; chemist V.V. Markovnikov ; historian K.N. Bestuzhev-Ryumin ; Zoologist O. A. Grimm ; historian S.I. Arkhangelsky ; poets and writers I. Rukavishnikov , A. Vyakhirev , I. Svedintsev, A. Mariengof ; Professor S. Dobrotin, sculptor A. Kikin , actor V. Yakhontov and others.

First City Pharmacy (No. 4)

The first pharmacy in Nizhny Novgorod was founded in 1780 by the German Georg Christian Ludwig Evenius, who had arrived in the city the year before and had settled on Varvarskaya Street. During the general demarcation of Nizhny Novgorod in 1784, Evenius was allocated a plot at the beginning of Varvarskaya Street. A two-story stone building designed by the mechanic Ivan Nemeyer was built in 1792. Part of the house was residential, another part was occupied by a pharmacy. The residents and visitors of the city, Yegor Krestianovich, as Evenius was called among the people, was attracted by illumination. On the windowsills of the pharmacy, he exhibited multi-colored glass balls, which, reflecting the light of the room's lamps, gave the effect of a rainbow glow for several meters around the house.

In 1883, the case of Evenius was bought by the pharmacist P.F. Remler, who built the third floor. After the revolution, the building was nationalized, it housed the central city pharmacy No. 1, and subsequently the house was converted into communal apartments. In 2007, a pharmacy and a pharmacy museum were opened on the ground floor of the house, the collection of exhibits of which totaled more than 250 items. The newly opened pharmacy worked for about a year.

E. E. Evenius Residential Building (No. 3a)

In 1826, the first city pharmacist Evenius bought a plot of land at the intersection of Osypnaya and Varvarskaya streets for the construction of a wooden house. In 1836, his son, a doctor and teacher, E. E. Evenius, according to the project of the provincial architect I. E. Efimov, erected on the site of a wooden two-story stone house in the style of Russian classicism . The building is distinguished by the clarity and conciseness of the architectural solution. Rustic basement , porticoes with pilasters , a meander belt and other decorative elements distinguish it from other buildings.

In 1843 the house was sold to the noble assembly of deputies for the temporary placement of classes and living rooms of the Alexander Institute. In this house in 1845 the revolutionary G.A. Lopatin , the first Russian translator of Capital, K. Marx, a member of the General Council of the First International, was born. In 1931, a music school opened in the building, and in 1965, the Nizhny Novgorod Theater School named after E. A. Evstigneev , who was his graduate.

House of Collegiate Assessor I. A. Knyagininsky (No. 5)

House No. 5 on Varvarskaya Street belonged to the secretary of the Nizhny Novgorod military governor M. P. Buturlin Ivan Alekseevich Knyagininsky, one of the largest owners of apartment buildings in Nizhny Novgorod. A stone two-story house with vaulted cellars, was created by the architect Efimov and had two isolated entrances. In 1838 the house was sold under the placement of the Salt Board. It housed both the official presence and the apartments of officials. In 1858, Taras Shevchenko lived with one of them, K. A. Shreiders. The first historian of Nizhny Novgorod Nikolai Khramtsovsky , who worked in the Salt Board, also lived in the house. After the abolition of the Nizhny Novgorod salt government in January 1860, the house was sold to the House of State Property. In Soviet times, the building was built on. Since 1965, the house is located Children's Art School number 8 named. V. Yu. Villouin . Among the graduates of the school are musicians Evgeny Brahman , Alexander Mutuzkin , Ksenia Blintsovskaya, Inga Kazantseva, Evgeny Ryvkin, Olga Filatova and many others.

House of K. I. Ilyina - Shchelokovs (No. 8, 8a)

After Varvarskaya street was laid, Kleopatra Ivanovna Ilyina acquired a plot on the corner of Varvarskaya and Osypnaya (Piskunova) streets, where she built a wooden estate on a stone foundation. The house is a classic house with a mezzanine and pilasters under ionic capitals - a typical estate of that time. In 1836, the merchant Mikhail Fedorovich Shchelokov, a fire victim from Blagoveshchensk Sloboda, bought the house of Ilyina. In 1861, his heirs Nikolai and Khristofor expanded the estate by erecting a one-story brick outbuilding with an arcade of windows along Osipnaya Street. As a result of the reforms, in particular, the pilots capitals were lost. After the division of property in 1882, on the corner of Osypnaya and Varvarskaya Streets, the Shchelokov brothers erected a stone house (No. 8a), where in 1897 Andrey Karelin's photographic art workshop was located. The building remains a valuable monument of wooden manor buildings of Nizhny Novgorod at the beginning of the XIX century.

The House of Diligence of the Rukavishnikovs (No. 32)

The first House of industriousness in Nizhny Novgorod in the charity system of the poorest residents of the city was opened in 1893. To accommodate 100 people were given empty military barracks on the Lower Volga embankment. In 1894, at the expense of the merchants Rukavishnikovs, the House of industriousness opened in the premises of a carpentry factory on Mistrovskaya Street (now Academician Blokhina Street). During the days of the All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition in 1896, he was even visited by the imperial couple. In 1899, the building burned down. Then the children of Lyubov and Mikhail Rukavishnikovs decided to build a stone building. The project of a two-story building in the Art Nouveau style of the architect P. A. Dombrovsky was carried out in 1905. On the facade was the inscription "House of industriousness named after Mikhail and Lyubov Rukavishnikovs." The building housed more than 200 beggars who, for pinching the tow and combing the bast, received a small daily fee, twice a day food and overnight. In the 60s, two upper floors were added. Since the 1920s, the Nizhpolygraph printing house has been housed in the house.

House of A. A. Klochkova (formerly No. 27)

After the stone prison was built in 1823, the place occupied by the wooden prison at the outpost on the edge of the city was given over to the development of the titular counselor A. A. Klochkova. In 1837-1838, the house was built by the architect G. I. Kizevetter , approved by Nicholas I. The house is wooden, one-story with a mezzanine, sheathed with a dog-dog, on a stone plastered basement. The architecture of the house is based on exemplary projects of the 19th century in the style of classicism, but with eclectic decorative elements: a Greek meander in a frieze , interfloor decorative "bugs", sets of curly balusters under the windows. The owners of the house have repeatedly changed. In 1884, Countess Varvara Lanskaya carried out a major overhaul "without changing the previous facades." Over time, the decor elements and the ionic capitals of the pilasters were lost.

In 1999, house No. 27 on Varvarskaya Street was included in the list of identified cultural objects of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The land under the house was given for modern development, and it was decided to move the house to the Shchelokovsky farm, to the Museum of Architecture and Life of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga . After the tenants resettled, the house was not guarded and a fire broke out several times, as a result no more than 50% of the old building was preserved. In 2007, the house was moved to the Shchelokovsky farm .

Chapel of Barbara the Great Martyr (No. 36)

At the gates of the chopped Bolshoi prison, as usual, small chapels were built. On the road to Kurmysh and Kazan , which is part of the city from the east, stood a wooden barbarian chapel. The stone chapel was built at the end of the 19th century on the initiative of the Arzamas Alekseevskaya community in connection with the rescue of the royal family during the train crash in Borki on October 17, 1888 , which was regarded as miraculous. The project was created by the Nizhny Novgorod diocesan architect A.K. Nikitin. The chapel is an ancient hipped-type temple with a spacious one-apse altar, but without a refectory and a bell tower. The design used elements of ancient Russian architecture: keeled barrels, flys, piece set. The iconostasis images were created by the icon painters of the Community. The consecration of the chapel took place on September 17, 1892. The inscription on the chapel reads “The Chapel of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara in memory of the Nizhny Novgorod people who were innocently killed during the years of hard times”

Alexander Public Women's Almshouse (No. 42)

Участок, на котором находится в настоящее время роддом № 1, занимающий угол и по пол квартала на улицах Варварской и Володарского, в XIX веке принадлежал трем разным людям. Владелец участка вдоль улицы Солдатской (сейчас Володарского), купец Андрей Семенович Осташников в 1864 году пожертвовал городу свой участок для устройства «странноприимного дома или богадельни для людей безродных и не имеющих средств к существованию». По недостаточности места, к организации богадельни приступили только через три года, после повторного обращения Осташникова. Было решено купить у титулярного советника П. И. Хохлова дом с участком по улице Варварской, садом примыкающий к участку Осташникова. В 1878 году, — через 10 лет после открытия богадельни, — купец Александр Вяхирев обратился к городским властям с предложением: «состоящую в моем владении землю на углу улиц Варварской и Солдатской передать на вечное время городской думе в полное её распоряжение, но с условием: чтобы эту землю использовали под постройку родильного заведения для бедных граждан», что и было осуществлено.

Богадельню было решено назвать в память спасения жизни императора Александра II от руки убийцы в Париже 25 мая 1867 года и открытие богадельни произвести 30 августа 1868 года в день именин Его императорского Величества. Средства на покупку и ремонт дома Хохлова и закупку всего необходимого были собраны, и все работы были закончены к сроку, и в 1867 году Александровская богадельня на 25 кроватей была освящена и торжественно открыта с благодарностью попечителям и устроителям. Средства на содержание богадельни жертвовались горожанами. Обязанность по заготовке всех продуктов питания взял на себя Осташников. Он же организовал молельню для богадельниц, не имевших сил ходить в храм, и ходатайствовал об устроении домовой церкви. В 1869 году при поддержке городской думы церковь Вознесения Господня и Святого Князя Александра Невского была построена и освящена.

В доме Хохлова размещались также бесплатная лечебница и родовспомогательное заведение. Чтобы уменьшить тесноту, на участке, пожертвованном Вяхиревым, было решено построить здание для размещения родовспоможения, лечебницы и церкви. План-фасады были разработаны архитектором Николаем Фрелихом , и к 1882 году строительство было завершено. Роддом имел 85 коек, первым директором его был врач В. Баулин. При роддоме было открыто «сиротопитательное» отделение на 10 детей сирот, матери которых умерли в больнице. Рожениц бесплатно кормили, а для нуждающихся бедных нижегородцев по инициативе Осташникова обеды отпускались на дом.

Роддом и трёхэтажный дом Хохлова, примыкающий к роддому справа, сохранились до наших дней. Здание роддома являет собой пример эклектики в русской архитектуре XIX века и считается лучшей работой Н. Фрелиха в городе.

От пл. Минина и Пожарского до ул. Пискунова

От ул. Пискунова до пл. Октябрьской

От пл. Октябрьской до ул. Академика Блохиной

От ул. Академика Блохиной до ул. Володарского

От ул. Володарского до пл. Свободы

Перед лицеем № 40 (дом 15а) установлен памятник Герою Советского Союза Маслякову Георгию Гавриловичу. [one]

Здания — памятники архитектуры

Федерального значения

• № 4. Усадьба аптекарей Е. Х. Эвениуса — И. Ф. Ремлера. Главный дом.
• № 3. Здание Александровского дворянского института.

Регионального значения

• № 3а. Дом Е. Е. Эвениуса.
• № 5. Дом коллежского асессора И. А. Княгининского.
• № 8а. Доходный дом купцов Щелоковых.
• № 12. Доходный дом купчихи У. А. Котельниковой.
• № 32. Дом трудолюбия имени Михаила и Любови Рукавишникових.
• № 42. Здание городской общественной Александровской женской богадельни с родовспомогательным заведением.

Plaques

• На здании Ленинской библиотеки (№ 3)

 Здесь, в нижегородском
   дворянском институте,
 в 1892 – 1894 гг. учился
   командир легендарной 
канонерской лодки «Сивуч»,
     кавалер ордена
     Святого Георгия,
     капитан I ранга

        ЧЕРКАСОВ
      ПЁТР НИЛОВИЧ

  остановивший немецкую 
 эскадру 19.08.1915 года
 перед проливом Моонзунд

 В этом здании,
бывшем Александровском
      институте,
  с 1849 по 1853 год
  учился выдающийся 
  русский композитор,
      supervisor 
   «могучей кучки»

  МИЛИЙ АЛЕКСЕЕВИЧ
      БАЛАКИРЕВ

 В этом здании,
  бывшем дворянском
      институте,
  с 1863 по 1864 гг.
 работал воспитателем
     выдающийся 
  педагог-гуманист,
    просветитель
  народов Поволжья

    И. Н. Ульянов

• На здании театрального училища (№ 3а)

 Здесь родился
     Л О П А Т И Н
  Герман Александрович
 
      1845 - 1918

Член генерального совета
 первого интернационала,
    первый переводчик
     на русский язык
 фундаментального труда
   К. Маркса (Капитал)

  Gorkovsky 
театральное училище
   
в 1951 году закончил
великий русский актёр
   
ЕВГЕНИЙ ЕВСТИГНЕЕВ

• На здании ДШИ № 8 (дом № 5)

 В этом доме в начале 1858г.
  возвращаясь из ссылки,
   жил великий народный
    революционный поэт
    Тарас Григорьевич
         Шевченко

• На доме № 6

 В этом доме 
   в 1965 по 1999 год 
     жил и работал
      композитор 
 
       
 Аркадий Александрович Нестеров

      профессор,
народный артист России,
  Почетный гражданин
   Нижнего Новгорода

 В этом доме с 1970 по 2003 год жил 
выдающийся дирижёр и музыкальный деятель 
       народный артист России

              ГУСМАН 
         Израиль Борисович

• На здании художественного училища (№ 8а)

 В этом доме 
  в 1897 - 1908 гг. 
      жил и работал
           всемирно
 известный фотограф,
  художник, педагог,
       общественный
            деятель

    Андрей Осипович
К А Р Е Л И Н

• На доме № 44

 В этом доме 
 в 1909-1910 гг. 
  жил выдающийся 
советский писатель
Аркадий Гайдар
  (А. П. Голиков)

На улице находится 1 остановка общественного транспорта — «Варварская», в сторону пл. Минина и Пожарского — на перекрёстке с ул. Академика Блохиной со стороны типографии Нижполиграф, в сторону пл. Свободы — у Торгово-промышленной палаты с концертным залом «Юпитер».

Buses

• № 1: пл. Минина и Пожарского — А/С «Щербинки».
• № 3: Красное Сормово — пл. Свободы.
• № 40: микрорайон «Юг» — Верхние Печёры .
• № 60э: ул. Космическая — А/С «Сенная».
• № 61: ул. Долгополова — Верхние Печёры .
• № 64: ул. Усилова — Соцгород-2.
• № 68: ул. Космическая — Площадь Минина и Пожарского .
• № 95: пл. Свободы — ул. Dubravnaya

Trolleybus

• № 13: пл. Минина и Пожарского — мрн. Щербинки-2. (через площадь Советскую)
• № 17: пл. Минина и Пожарского — мрн. Кузнечиха-2.
• № 31: пл. Минина и Пожарского — мрн. Щербинки-2. (через улицу Горького)

Маршрутные такси

• № т4: пл. Минина и Пожарского — мрн. Щербинки-2.
• № т47: мрн. Цветы — пос. Сортировочный.
• № т70: ТРЦ Седьмое небо — мрн. Кузнечиха-2.
• № 71: ул.Федосеенко — пл.Свободы.
• № 74: ул.Долгополова — Верхние Печёры.
• № 91: Ул. Долгополова — завод "Керамик"
• № 92: мрн.Бурнаковский — мрн. Цветы.
• № т97: пос. Мостоотряд — ТЦ "Лента"
• № т98: ул.Деловая — ул.Космическая.

• Площадь Свободы
• Площадь Минина и Пожарского
• Октябрьская улица
• Улица Пискунова
• Нижполиграф
• Лицей № 40 (Нижний Новгород)

• Храмцовский Н. И. Краткий очерк истории и описание Нижняго-Новгорода. — 1859.
• Светлана Высоцкая . Улица с выходом в кремль. Сайт ИД «Экстра Н» (недоступная ссылка)
• Нижний Новгород: 785 вопросов и ответов. — Н. Новгород: Кварц, 2007. — c. 92-95. — ISBN 978-5-9900469-9-3
• Кирьянов И. А. Старинные крепости Нижегородского Поволжья. — Горьковское книжное издательство, 1961.
• Сайт «История Нижегородского края»
  • Часовня арзамасской Алексеевской общины (улица Варварская, 36) (1890—1891 года)
  • Храмы Нижнего Новгорода XIX — начала XX веков
• Новый музей в старом городе. Сайт «Новая аптека» (недоступная ссылка)
• Родильный дом № 1. Историческая справка.
• An article by Vladimir VYAKHIREV about the Alexander noble institute. "Exchange + Your home" (inaccessible link)
• Lost Orthodox cathedral and parish churches of N. Novgorod. Official site "Government of the Nizhny Novgorod Region" (inaccessible link)
• Vladimir VYAKHIREV . Alexander almshouse. "Exchange + Your home"

• Barbarian street on the Yandex.Panorama service .