Rakobolskaya, Irina Vyacheslavovna

Born into the family of a physics teacher, Vyacheslav Afinogenovich Rakobolsky ^[1] . She graduated in 1938 experimental school of them. Radishcheva and entered the Physics Department of Moscow State University .

In October 1941, from the 4th course of the Physics Department voluntarily went to the Red Army, was enrolled among the seventeen students of the university in the air group number 122 and sent to Engels Military Aviation School . After graduating from school, in 1942, she was appointed chief of staff of the 588th (hereinafter, the 46th Guards Taman Order of the Red Banner and Suvorov ) air regiment of night bombers. From May 1942 until the end of the war, she participated in combat operations on various fronts of the Great Patriotic War .

In April 1946, in the rank of major , the guard was demobilized and returned to the 4th year of the nuclear department of the Faculty of Physics, married an associate of the Zhukovsky Academy Dmitry Pavlovich Linde (1919-2006).

She graduated from the Faculty of Physics in 1949, having defended her thesis “ d-electrons formed by cosmic ray muons ”, carried out under the direction of V. I. Veksler and G. T. Zatsepin .

In 1950-1963 she worked as an assistant, in 1963-1977 - as an assistant professor and since 1977 - Professor of the Department of Cosmic Rays at the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University.

In 1968, she set up a laboratory for ultrahigh-energy cosmic radiation at INP MSU and managed it until 1991. In 1968, under her leadership, a unique installation of 144 multi-layer X-ray emulsion cameras (REK) was built in the underground premises of the Moscow Metro, on which the effective cross section for charm generation was determined at a nucleon energy of about 100 GeV . According to the results of the REC exposure in the Pamirs , an unusual phenomenon was investigated - coplanar dispersion of secondary particles. The energy threshold and energy dependence of this new phenomenon were established.

Since 1971 - Deputy Head of the Department of Cosmic Rays and Space Physics. During her time at Moscow State University, she taught special courses in cosmic ray physics, a general course in nuclear physics at the physical and geological faculties, and conducted practical classes in nuclear physics and cosmic ray physics.

She conducted all her scientific work under the direction of or together with academician G. T. Zatsepin .

In 1962 she defended her thesis for the degree of Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences on the theme “Study of the energy characteristics of the electron-photon component of extensive air showers near the shower axis”; In 1975 she defended her thesis for the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences on the topic "Generation of high energy muons in cosmic rays." He has about 300 published works, among them a textbook on nuclear physics and 6 monographs.

She participated in the Pamir international cooperation, in the joint Russian-Japanese experiment RUNJOB. Under her leadership, defended 15 master's theses and 4 doctoral theses on joint work.

She always combined a large scientific and pedagogical work at the department (on a voluntary basis) with a large university-wide work. From 1966 to 1990, at the same time she was the dean of the faculty of advanced training for university teachers. For 24 years, it has trained more than 80 thousand people. For the organization of the work of the advanced training faculty, she was awarded the gold medal of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements. In 1987–1997, she was the Chairperson of the Women's Union of Moscow State University, then a member of the Academic Council of the Moscow State University, the Scientific Council of the Physics Faculty, and the Scientific Council on Cosmic Rays of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Recently, she continued to be engaged in scientific work, educate undergraduate and graduate students, and give lecture courses.

Buried at the Novodevichy cemetery next to her husband.

Family

In a marriage with D. P. Linde, Rakobolsk had two children:

• Andrey Linde - theoretical physicist, author of works on cosmology
• Nikolay Linde - a psychologist, author of the analytically-effective direction of psychotherapy (emotional-shaped therapy)

• Had awards: Order of the Red Banner , Order of the Red Star , Order of the Patriotic War of 1 and 2 degrees (twice), Order of the Badge of Honor and many medals.
• "Honored Scientist of the RSFSR" ( 1990 ).
• "Distinguished Professor of Moscow State University" ( 1994 ).
• “Honored Soros Professor” ( 1995 ).

The first order, which we listened to, standing in line in the early morning of October 26 on the platform of the station in Engels , was an order on the air group 122 about a general haircut "under the boy" and "hair up to half an ear." Our hair looked like tow, in crumpled long overcoats we looked a little like an army unit. Spit can be left only with the personal permission of Raskova . But how could we, girls, turn to a well-known respectable woman with such trifles as a scythe! And on the same day, our hair lay a colorful carpet on the floor of the garrison barbershop. More than 60 years have passed, but my hair is still "front to half an ear."

• Investigation of ultrahigh-energy muons. - M: Science, 1975. - 210 p.
• Textbook on nuclear physics. - 2nd ed., Ext. and pererabat. - M .: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1981. - 280 p.
• Interaction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray hadrons. - M .: Izd. Moscow State University, 2000. - 250 p.
• We were called night witches. - M .: Izd. Moscow State University, 2002. - 320 p.

• Rakobolskaya I., Kravtsova N. We were called night witches. Thus, the female 46th Guards Regiment of night bombers fought. - 2nd ed., Ext. .. - Moscow : Moscow State University publishing house, 2005. - p. 336. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 5-211-05008-8 .

• Irina Vyacheslavovna Rakobolskaya (On the 50th anniversary of scientific and pedagogical work at Moscow State University)
• RAKOBOLSKAYA Irina Vyacheslavovna
• Irina Vyacheslavovna Rakobolskaya
• Interview. We were called "Dunkin regiment", and the Germans - "night witches"
• E. Loria. Night Witch Letters