Hajib

The post of Hajib is known from the very beginning of the formation of the state apparatus of the Arab Caliphate in the 7th century . Initially, its carrier was responsible for the protection of the chambers, the access of petitioners and the organization of the caliph's audiences. Subsequently, the functions of the Hadjib expanded and his competence included taking care of the personal property and possessions of the ruler, the bosses over the palace guard and overseeing the work of state workshops. By the middle of the 8th century, the Hajib became the head of the entire government apparatus in the caliphate. With the advent of the Abbasid dynasty in the Arab caliphate in 750, the position was replaced with a new one, the vizier , while in other Muslim states (for example, the Cordoba caliphate and the Samanid state ), the post of head of officials retained its former name. Thus, the names Hadjib and Vizier are synonymous .

In a number of Muslim countries of Central Asia and the Middle East of the 9th - 12th centuries , the command of the army also came under the authority of the Hadjib (in the Samanid state, an official with the title Hadjib-i-Buzurgu not only headed the state apparatus, but also commanded the Guard of Gulam ^[1] , and in the state Ayyubidov recorded the case of the Hadjib command of the fleet).

As the name of one of the officials in the state apparatus of Muslim countries, the position of the hajib is known until the end of the Middle Ages.

Of the persons who performed the position of Hajib, the most famous are:

• Al-Mansour ( X century ) - an outstanding commander and de facto ruler of the Cordoba caliphate
• Sabuk-tegin ( X century ) - the most prominent of the rulers of the state of the Ghaznavids
• Ibn Khaldun ( XIV century ) - statesman and historian.

The Hajib position reached its greatest development in Muslim Spain during the Umayyad dynasty. Here, by the middle of the 10th century, the Hadjib was the head of the state apparatus, having in its subordination numerous officials (including several assistants who bore the title of vizier). However, unlike other countries, his position was not connected with the command of the army. After at the end of the 10th century, Hajib Muhammad ibn Abu Amir (al-Mansur) managed to remove the caliph from the real power, all power in the country, as well as the command of the caliphate, passed into his hands. During the reign of al-Mansur, the Cordoban caliphate reached the highest stage of its development. Al-Mansour managed to transfer the position of the Hadjib to his son, however, since the breakup of the Cordoba caliphate into typhons, the value of the position has significantly decreased. ^[2]

Of the Hajibs of Muslim Spain, the most famous are:

• Jafar al-Muskhafi ( 971 - 978 )
• al-Mansour (978—991)
• Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar (991-1008)
• Abd Ar-Rahman Sanchuelo (1008-1009)

• Khalil al-Sabi. Establishments and customs of the caliph's court. Chapter 3. Laws of the Hajib service and the rules of their behavior (neopr.) . Date of treatment January 2, 2009. Archived March 23, 2012.