British cuisine - the practice and traditions of cooking in the UK [1] . British cuisine has a reputation for being not too sophisticated, but paying attention to the quality of ingredients that are usually locally produced [2] . Traditional British cooking sauces and condiments are also relatively simple and are used to emphasize the natural taste of food, rather than changing it. In the heyday of Britain as a colonial power , British cuisine was heavily influenced by the culinary "overseas" countries, primarily India [3] . For example, the Anglo-Indian chicken dish - tikka masala - is considered a real British "national dish." Behind British cuisine, the stigma of “lacking imagination and heavy” has established itself; it has received international recognition only as a full breakfast and a traditional Christmas dinner . This reputation was especially strengthened during the First and Second World Wars , when in the UK the government introduced food rationing . The traditional British dishes are fish and french fries , potato casserole with meat and mashed potatoes .
British cuisine has a number of national and regional options, such as English cuisine , Scottish cuisine , Welsh cuisine , Gibraltarian cuisine and Anglo-Indian cuisine , each of which have developed their own regional or local dishes, many of which have been named after the places of origin of the products, such like Cheshire cheese, Yorkshire pudding [4] and Welsh croutons with cheese [5] [6] .
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Eating Traditions and Typical Dishes
Morning in the United Kingdom begins with a traditional English breakfast, which includes scrambled eggs, sausages and / or bacon , bread , tomatoes , mushrooms , beans in tomato sauce, scrambled eggs , oatmeal , pate , cereal, soft-boiled eggs [7] . Strong black tea with milk or coffee is served.
Lunch in the UK is stuffed sandwiches such as tuna with corn and mayonnaise, ham with cheese, chicken with sauce, or an egg with mayonnaise.
The famous British tradition of drinking tea at five o’clock in the evening (five o'clock tea), which is served with raisins such as Easter cakes, jam and cream, is not widely observed today. For dinner in the United Kingdom, vegetable puree soups (such as tomato) are preferred, which are served with a slice of bread and butter. Of the main dishes, the British love steaks from beef tenderloin, various cooking options, which are served with potatoes or vegetables. Sauces in English cuisine are almost never used. The world famous English mustard .
In addition, the British have a tradition of Sunday lunch Sunday Roast Carvery , which is also common in Australia, New Zealand, the United States and Canada. Typically, such meals are served with fried meat ( turkey , beef , chicken , pork or lamb ) with vegetables, potatoes or Yorkshire pudding (traditional Yorkshire pudding cooked from batter and served before the main course, with gravy and roast beef).
The list of popular English dishes includes fish (often fried cod ) and french fries , which are sold in fish and chips stores.
- Cornish pasty - a small oval baked pastry cake made of dough, often layered, with all kinds of fillings; The classic version is considered to be with potatoes, onions and pieces of beef. Cheese, chicken and pork pies are also popular.
- Scotch egg ( Scottish eggs ) - boiled eggs, which are coated with minced meat, and then fried in breadcrumbs.
- Cottage pie (or shepherd's pie, “shepherd’s pie”) - mashed potato casserole stuffed with ground beef .
- Cheese crackers
- Roast beef - a large piece of beef that is baked in the oven
- Cucumber sandwich
- Vegetable Jams
- Apple pies
In addition, different regions of the UK have their own delicacies:
- Wales - lamb with mint sauce
- Scotland - oatmeal with meat and spices
- England - Steaks
- Northern Ireland - Trout
UK Timeline for Cooking Products and Methods
Background (up to 43 years old )
- Bread from a mixture of grains - about 3700 BC. e.
- Oats - 1000s BC e.
- Wheat - about 500 BC e.
- Rabbit - the end of the Iron Age / beginning of the Roman era
Roman era ( 43 - 410 )
- The apples
- Asparagus
- Celery
- Bow
- Coriander
- Cucumbers
- Marjoram
- Onion
- Parsnip
- Peas
- Pheasant
- Rosemary
- Mint
- Turnip
- Wine
The Middle Ages before the opening of the New World ( 410 - 1492 )
- Smoked fish - starting from the 9th century ( import from Denmark and Norway )
- Rye bread - Viking era, around 500
- Peaches (imported) - Anglo-Saxon period
- Oranges - 1290
- Sugarcane - XIV century
- Carrots - XV century
Between 1492 and 1914
- Turkey - 1524
- Red peppers and parsley - 1548
- Refined sugar - 1540s
- Lemon (first registered cultivation) - 1577
- Peach (local cultivation) - 16th century
- Potato - 1586
- Horseradish - XVI century
- Tea - circa 1610 or later
- Bananas (from Bermuda ) - 1633
- Coffee - 1650
- Chocolate - 1650s
- Ice cream - the first written mention in 1672
- Broccoli - began to be used in 1724 .
- Tomato - began to be eaten in the 1750s
- Sandwich - got its English name ( English sandwich ) in the XVIII century
- Curry - first appeared on the menu in 1773
- Rhubarb - began to be eaten at the beginning of the XIX century
- The first Indian restaurant opened in 1809
- Three-course food (service appeared by fr. À la Russe ) - circa 1850
- Fish and chips (" fast food ") - in 1858 or in 1863
- Marmite (brewer's yeast seasoning) - 1902
Post- 1914 period
- Sugar beet - 1914 - 1918
- Sliced Bread - 1930
- The first Chinese restaurant opened in 1937
Notes
- ↑ British recipes for BBC food webpage
- ↑ Orlinkova M. British inventions (inaccessible link) Gastronom magazine, # 04 (63), 2007
- ↑ Volodarsky O. V. (2009) English world vol. 2., p. 322
- ↑ Yorkshire pudding British cuisine
- ↑ British recipes
- ↑ Ancient British Cuisine: Fried Shovel
- ↑ UK cuisine: enjoy your meal
Links
- British Soup Recipes
- English Recipes
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to British cuisine