Interglacial (interglacial epoch, interglacial) is a time interval inside the ice age that separates neighboring ice ages [1] .
Content
Interglacial and glaciation
The current geological period, the Quaternary , is characterized by a ratio between glaciers and interglacials of about 8: 2 (that is, a “typical” state is glaciation), with an interglacial duration of about 20 thousand years. The frequency of the ice ages in the Quaternary was originally 41 thousand years; from 1.1 million years BC to the present, it was about 100 thousand years.
The Earth's climate was not always characterized by a change in interglacial and glacial eras. An example of a stable warm climate is the Paleogene period (lasting about 40 million years) [2] .
The period of the highest temperatures of each interglacial period is called its climatic optimum .
Current Interglacial
The modern interglacial period, which replaced the cooling period, the so-called “ late dryas ”, is called the Holocene and began about 12 thousand years ago [3] [4] . The Holocene climatic optimum (also called the Atlantic optimum ), with temperatures 1-3 degrees Celsius higher than modern ones, lasted from about nine to five thousand years ago.
Estimates of the likely duration of the Holocene range from 10,000 years [5] to 20,000 years; the end of the Holocene and a new ice age are expected in a few thousand years.
Historical Interglacial
- Three stages are distinguished in the Kargin interglacial of the West Siberian Plain: the Shuryshkarsk – Surgut warming of 50–44 thousand liters. BC, Zolotomysk warming 41-35 thousand liters. n and Upper Loban warming 29-24 thousand years ago [6] . According to other sources, the Karginsky warming began 39.5 thousand liters. n., ended - 22.08 thousand years ago [7]
- The milk-Sheksna interglacial (Bryansk or Middle Valdai interstadial) about 45–35 thousand years ago - 32–24 thousand years ago [8]
- Mikulinskoe interglacial (from the name of the village of Mikulino ), between 128,000 and 117,000 years ago. Also bears the names of Eem, Kazantsevsky [9] (in Russia), Sangamon (in North America) or Riess-Wurm. Separates rice ( Moscow ) glaciation from Valdai (Kalinin, Wurm , Wisconsin ) [10] .
- Holstein interglacial , which in Russia corresponds to the Likhvin interglacial . Between 335,000 and 300,000 years ago
- Ikoretsky interglacial period (0.4278-0.424 million years ago) [11]
- Kromer interglacial , between 800,000 and 480,000 years ago. The Muchkap interglacial (0.621-0.563 million years ago) and the Ilyinsky interglacial (0.712-0.676 million years ago) [11] with Don glaciation between them are distinguished. The Ilyinsky interglacial is divided into Semiluksky (late Yilinsky) and Gremyachyevsky (early Ilyinsky) with the Devitsky (intra-Ilyinsky) cooling between them [12] .
- Mikhailovsky interglacial , between 800 and 730 thousand years ago ( Peter and Paul Interglacial [12] ), ending with Pokrov cooling (730-670 thousand years)
- Baal interglacial , between 1,300,000 and 900,000 years
- Tehlen interglacial , between 2,000,000 and 1,600,000 years ago
See also
- Milankovitch Cycles
Notes
- ↑ Glaciological Dictionary / V. M. Kotlyakov. - M .: Nauka, 1984. - 527 p. - 5600 copies.
- ↑ Cenozoic group (era) // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ Walker, Mike; and others. Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records (Abstract ) (inaccessible link) . Journal of Quaternary Science, vol. 24, issue 3 3–17. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Oct 3, 2008). Date of treatment September 7, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ The 2009 version of the International Stratigraphic Chart (August 2009). Date of treatment 2011-08-25. In Russia, another classification is also used, established by the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee of Russia . Archived on June 7, 2012.
- ↑ Researchers evaluate climate fluctuations from 115,000 years ago
- ↑ Laukhin S. A. The last stages of the settlement of North Asia by the Paleolithic man (to the problems of the Kargin time) // Problems of the interaction of man and the environment. Week 6 - 2005
- ↑ Smulsky I.I., Ivanova A.A. Reconstruction of the paleoclimate in Western Siberia over the past 50 thousand years on the basis of changes in insolation // In coll. Materials of the Fifth Conference of Russian Geocryologists. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, June 14-17, 2016 T. 2. Part 5. Regional and historical geocryology. Part 6. Dynamic geocryology. Geocryological processes and phenomena. Part 7. Lithogenetic geocryology (cryolithogenesis). - M.: “University Book”, 2016, p. 233-240.
- ↑ Velichko A.A., Gribchenko Yu.N., Kurenkova E.I. Late Paleolithic man inhabits the Russian Plain // Nature No. 3, 2003
- ↑ Gusev E.A. et al. Deposits of the Kazantsev Transgression (MIS 5) of the Yenisei North // Geology and Geophysics, 2016, v. 57, No. 4, p. 743–757
- ↑ Donald Rapp. Ice Ages and Interglacials: Measurements, Interpretation and Models . Springer, 2009.S. 85.
- ↑ 1 2 Markova A.K. Fauna of small mammals in Europe in the first half of the Middle Pleistocene , 2016
- ↑ 1 2 Yanina T. A. Neopleistocene of the Ponto-Caspian: biostratigraphy, paleogeography, correlation / Table 32. Correlation pattern of transgressive-regressive events of the Pontus Neopleistocene with the glacial-interglacial rhythm of the Russian Plain
Literature
- Donald Rapp. Ice Ages and Interglacials: Measurements, Interpretation and Models . Springer, 2009. ISBN 978-3-540-89679-1 .