Leninsky district (Crimea)

The relief of the Kerch Peninsula is divided into two parts, delimited by a low Parpach ridge. The southwestern part is a gently sloping wavy plain, the monotonous nature of the relief of which is interspersed with isolated heights ( Konchek , Dyurmen , the Jau-Tepe mud hill). The north-eastern part is characterized by a wavy-ridged relief with limestone ridges; in some places they are crowned by hills with reef limestones (Cape Kazantip reef cape). In the hollows that separate the ridges elliptical in shape, in some places, hilltops of mud volcanoes characteristic of the peninsula rise. Uzunlar and Aktash are the largest lakes in the region and the Kerch Peninsula.

Minerals of the region: iron ore, glass raw materials, facing stones, expanded clay raw materials. Mineral salts of Lake Sivash and salt lakes (in particular, Tobechik and Uzunlar) are an important raw material base for the chemical industry.

In the area there are several places with reserves of therapeutic mud (lakes Chokrakskoye , Uzunlarskoe , Tobechikskoye , Koyashskoye ), mineral mud from Bulganak mud hills rich in methane and hydrogen sulfide. On the territory of the Leninsky district, more than 150 mineral springs were discovered, in particular, the Baksinsky hydrogen sulfide sources, the Seit-Eli group of carbon dioxide sources, and the Karalar hydrogen sulfide source. Kaolin-like clays are widespread, deposits of therapeutic blue clay have been discovered.

The development of oil fields is carried out by the Ukrainian-Canadian firm Krymtekhasneft and the Ukrainian Chernomorneftegaz . In 1999 , a large gas field, the North-Kazantipskoye, was discovered in the Sea of ​​Azov .

At the beginning of the 20th century, the territory of the modern Leninsky district was part of the Kerch-Yenikalsky city administration , the Saraiminsky, Petrovsky and Vladislavovsky volosts of the Feodosia district of the Tauride province of the Russian Empire . The population of the Kerch Peninsula amounted to over 40 thousand people.

March 19, 1914, 50 miles from Feodosia at 7 o'clock in the morning began the eruption of the crater of the Jaupe Teppa. The eruption was preceded by a deaf underground rumble. First, a bluish flame began to fly out of the crater in the form of missiles, then smoke fell and, finally, liquid gray mud poured into the fountain, which was thrown up to a height of 40 fathoms. The grayish dirt thrown out, at first hot, but quickly cooled, flooded the ravines and eight acres of crops. The crater, which was a diameter in arshin, after a collapse represented a gaping hole of 20 fathoms in diameter.

Soviet power was established here in January 1918. During the period of German occupation and the temporary defeat of Soviet power (1918-1920), the peninsula became the site of the partisan movement and the action of the Bolshevik underground. In November 1920, units of the Red Army entered the peninsula; Soviet power was established for a long time. In December 1920, the Petrovsky and Sarayminsky volosts together with the territory of the city administration received the status of a separate county with a center in the city of Kerch. In January 1921, the volosts were liquidated, in their place formed the Petrovsky (from July 1921 - Leninsky) and Kerch districts as part of the county, which from October 1921 was transformed into the Kerch district as part of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In October 1923, the district was reorganized into the Kerch district, and the districts that were part of the district were liquidated. In October 1930, the area began to be called Leninsky, and its center became the village. Lenino. At the same time, a part of the territories of the Feodosia region was transferred to the Lenin district.

After the end of hostilities 1918-1920. peasants received land, individual farms united in agricultural cartels, communes, and societies. In the former economies, state farms were formed.

In 1925, there were 16 artels in the region, and in 1931, 94 collective farms. In the course of cultural construction, clubs and reading houses opened, and literacy was fought. At the same time, churches and mosques were closed. There were national schools and village councils with Germans, Bulgarians, and Jews. The multinational population of the Leninsky and Mayak-Salinsky districts in 1939 amounted to 51 630 people.

The fighting of the Great Patriotic War on the territory of the Kerch Peninsula covered the period from November 4, 1941 to April 12, 1944 with two periods of occupation (November-December 1941 and May 1942 - April 1944). The Nazis created 7 concentration camps in the district. During the war 16 settlements were destroyed, disappeared from the map of the peninsula.

On May 12, 2016, the Parliament of Ukraine , which did not recognize the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation in 2014, adopted a resolution on renaming the Leninsky district into Edikuysky , in accordance with the laws on decommunization , but this decision does not enter into force until “the return of Crimea under the general jurisdiction of Ukraine " ^[8] .

According to the census in the Crimean Federal District, as of October 14, 2014, the population of the region was 61,143 people (including the urban population - 17.37% (or 10,620 people in the city of Shchelkino ); rural - 82.33%). ^[22]

As of January 1, 2014, the population of the district amounted to 62,780 permanent residents and 62,795 people of the current population ^[23] , as of July 1, 2014 - 62,743 permanent residents (including 22,783 urban (36.3%) and 39,960 rural) and 62,758 person of the current population. ^[24]

National composition

According to the censuses of 2001 and 2014 :

Leninsky district as a municipality with the status of a municipal district in the Republic of Crimea of ​​the Russian Federation since 2014 includes 27 municipalities , including 1 urban settlement and 26 rural settlements ^{[27] [28]} :

Until 2014, they made up the local councils of the same name: 1 city council, 2 village councils and 24 village councils within the administrative division of the Crimea as part of Ukraine (until 1991 - the Crimean region of the Ukrainian SSR as part of the USSR ).

Settlements

The Leninsky district consists of 68 settlements, including: 1 city ( Shchelkino ), 2 urban-type villages ( Lenino and Bagherovo ), 64 villages and 1 village (rural type) ^[27] , and since 2014, all urban settlements type (town) of the Republic of Crimea are also assigned to rural settlements ^[28] :

The coat of arms and flag of the region were approved by the Leninsky District Council of the first (after the accession of Crimea to the Russian Federation ) convocation on October 23, 2015. The emblem of the district, according to this decision, “ is a rectangular heraldic shield with rounded lower corners, pointed at the bottom along the center line of the rectangle. The heraldic shield in the upper part of the coat of arms is crowned <...> with a crown, in the form of a crown of ears of corn and the head of a sunflower, in the center of which is the image of the coat of arms of Crimea <...>. In the central part, the coat of arms shield is divided into two equal spaces of blue (azure) and red (scarlet) colors <...> At the foot (bottom) of the heraldic shield are two wavy areas of turquoise and dark azure colors <...>. The central element of the images on the shield is the [ Sic ] purple Immortelle flowers ”, against which the seven wells are depicted. In the lower part of the coat of arms, a heraldic shield is framed by a composition of a blue ribbon with the name of the area and elements of a branch and floral ornament. The flag of the region is a cloth with a ratio of width to length 2: 3, consisting of three horizontal stripes of blue, white and red colors (blue and red stripes are wide, white is narrow) ^[32] .

Now in the region there are 31 comprehensive schools, a vocational school, and an economic lyceum; 2 hospitals, 12 outpatient facilities for general practice of family medicine, 34 feldsher-midwifery points; 25 houses of culture, 6 clubs, 34 libraries, an art school, 2 music schools, 3 sports federations, 3 sports clubs, 2 youth sports schools. The following people work in the district: Museum of the History of the Leninsky District, Ethnographic Museum, 8 school museums; four bank branches. 10 Muslim and 19 Orthodox religious associations are registered. On the territory of the district there are: 4 pensions, 36 recreation centers, 6 children's recreation camps.

There are 5 recreation zones in the area: Arabatskaya Spit , Kazantip Bay, Lake Chokrak , Mount Opuk , Cape Chauda . 2 nature reserves have been created: Kazantip and Opuk .

Monuments of architecture: Arabat fortress (XIII-XVII centuries), Arabat defensive strip (XVI-XVII centuries).

Monuments of archeology:

• Akkosov (Turkish) rampart (I thousand BC),
• Temir-Gora mound (VII century BC),
• ancient settlement of Savromatius (II-III century AD),
• Kitay settlement (IV century BC. - IV century BC. E.),
• ancient settlement of Akra (IV century B.C. - I century B.C.),
• ancient settlement Sharov-Tepe (II century AD),
• ancient settlement of Ilurat (I-III century AD),
• Zolotoye settlement (II-I century BC),
• ancient settlement of Kimmerik (VI century BC. - IV century BC. E.),
• ancient settlement of Mikhailovskoye (I st. BC. - IV st. BC. e.),
• Sharov-Oba mound, Kara-Oba mound,
• Semenovka settlement (III century BC. - III century BC. E.).

In the district there are: 27 commemorative signs in honor of the fallen villagers during the Second World War and 1 memorial to fellow countrymen-soldiers-internationalists.

• Site about Kazantip Nature Reserve (Neopr.) (Inaccessible link) . Archived December 7, 2013.
• List of cultural heritage sites of the Leninsky district in Wikigid