US National Guard

The US Congress passed various laws that govern the activities of the National Guard:

1. Police Act of 1792;
2. 1807 Uprising Act;
3. Police Act of 1862;
4. Section 18 of the United States Code, section 1385: The Posse Commitus Act of June 18, 1878;
5. Amendments to the Police Code of 1881–1892;
6. Police Act 1903;
7. National Security Act of 1916;
8. Amendments to the National Security Act of 1920;
9. The National Guard Mobilization Act of 1933;
10. National Security Act of 1947;
11. The policy of the unified armed forces of 1973;
12. Montgomery Amendment to the 1987 National Security Act;
13. 2007 John Warner National Security Act;
14. 2008 National Security Act.

"Double status " of the personnel of the compounds.
The “dual status” of the US Armed Forces reserve reserve is historically determined and is enshrined in the legal framework.
Acting as part of the NG, they are guided by the provisions outlined in Title 32 “ National Defense ” of the US Code of Federal Laws, and have the status of a state representative. If a soldier is involved in military service as part of or together with regular forces , the provisions of Title 10 “ Armed Forces ” of the US Code of Law come into force , and he himself acquires the status of a federal employee. The military personnel of the "integrated" divisions will be under dual jurisdiction (of the state and the federal government ) constantly, that is, they will actually come closer to the status of regular military servicemen.

- Lieutenant Colonel A. Medin, Captain N. Balukov, "Prospects for the Creation of" Integrated Divisions "in the US Army, ZVO No. 01/2001, pp. 12-16

The early years

The assertion that the National Guard is older than the American nation and the US armed forces is based on the fact that the , the , the and the is the direct descendants of the regiment of the Massachusetts Bay colony , which was formed over 370 years ago. On December 13, 1636, the Legislative Assembly of the Massachusetts Gulf colony decided to merge disparate militia units into the Northern, Southern and Eastern Regiments in order to increase accountability to the colonial government, efficiency and responsibility in conflicts with pecots . Under this act, all white men from 16 to 60 years old were required to have weapons and protect their communities: to participate in the night guard and in weekly exercises. After the formation of the United States, the Massachusetts State Police was formed on the basis of these regiments. ^[2]

In the 19th century, the United States regular army was very small, and therefore the government actively used police during the 1846 war with Mexico , the Civil War , and the Spanish-American War of 1889 .

XX century

During World War I , more than 40% of the American divisions in France were manned by the National Guard. During World War II , more than 300 thousand national guards were sent to the front. About 140 thousand national guards participated in the Korean War ^[3] .

However, service in the ranks of the National Guard of the United States caused a mixed attitude towards her citizens during the Vietnam War . This was explained by the fact that the formation of the National Guard did not participate in this war. In this regard, many young people from wealthy segments of the population preferred to go to the service in the National Guard in order to avoid being sent to Vietnam . Among the prominent politicians who served during the Vietnam War, George W. Bush should be mentioned.

"... I am convinced that the poor have been drafted into the army, and those who had money, knowing what was happening in Vietnam , went to serve in the National Guard so as not to get into the war ..."

- R. Ebert “A Life in a Year” (Russian) . www.vietnamwar.ru . Date of treatment January 12, 2019 .

21st Century

National Guard units played an important role in ensuring security and rebuilding after Hurricane Katrina in September 2005.

In January and February 2007, 8-State National Guard units were raised to help clear snow, transport hay for starving cattle, transport food and basic necessities to needy people, manage traffic and rescue needy motorists after a snowfall that swept through throughout the country ^[4] .

As of February 2006, the National Guard Air Force numbered about 106,000, and the National Guard Army — about 325,000.

In 2005, it was reported that members and reservists of the National Guard account for the largest share of front-line armed forces in US military history (about 43% in Iraq and 55% in Afghanistan) ^[5] . In 2011, Army Chief of Staff General George Casey Jr. stated that “each brigade of the national guard was deployed in Iraq or Afghanistan, and more than 300,000 national guards participated in these wars” ^[6] .

The National Guard Army is organized into 28 combat brigades and 78 support brigades as part of the reorganization of the US Army .

The National Guard includes:

• US National Guard Army
• US National Guard Air Force

Service in the National Guard is combined with work in the main specialty. About 60 thousand men and women enter the National Guard annually (on average). They are required to undergo combat training in individual and group exercises (48 four-hour programs on weekends per year), they are also sent to two-week camps, connected to military and command post exercises along with regular units. Leaders of organizations can be held criminally liable if they prevent their national guard officers from fulfilling the tasks set by the state.

In addition to the basic payments for service in the National Guard, guardsmen are entitled to allowances for housing, cash compensation for the purchase of uniforms (from 200 to 1200 dollars per year), payment of medical expenses, have the opportunity to buy food and goods in military stores, refuel cars at military stations, where the price is two times lower than the national average. Having quit after a 20-year service, the guardsmen also receive very substantial pension benefits, which are completely exempt from taxation.

When a mobilization or emergency is declared, parts of the National Guard are included in the regular forces. So, during the war in the Persian Gulf in 1991, 245 thousand reservists were called up, which amounted to half the total number of American troops concentrated then in Saudi Arabia ^[1] .

• US Army
• US Air Force

• Lee, John . The National Guard and National Security (neopr.) . babel.hathitrust.org . Date of treatment January 12, 2019 . // Military Review . - January 1972. - Vol. 52 - No. 1 - P. 9-16 - ISSN 0026-4148.

• Official site of the US National Guard
• US National Guard: new army with the old name (neopr.) . Washprofile.org (March 24, 2004). Date of treatment April 11, 2012. Archived January 3, 2010.
• Tyschuk, Eugene. National Guard of the USA and the whole world // Kiev Telegraph . - July 6-12, 2007. - No. 27 (373) .