Schukin, Alexander Nikolaevich

Born in the family of a nobleman - a mining engineer. In 1917 he graduated from high school. Fluent in French, German and English.

He worked as a technician on the railway. In June 1919 he was drafted into the Red Army . He fought on the Turkestan front by a Red Army soldier of the commandant command of the headquarters of the 3rd Turkestan rifle division , from April 1920 - radio operator of a communications company of the 105th rifle brigade in the 35th rifle division . From October 1920 he was a laboratory assistant at the radio workshop and a communications communications warehouse of the front. In April 1921, demobilized .

In 1921 he entered the Electromechanical Faculty of the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute . In 1924 he was transferred to the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute , which he graduated in 1927 with a degree in Radio Engineering. He combined his studies with the work of a technician, a laboratory technician, and an engineer in the Central Radio Laboratory. Engaged in research in the field of short waves.

From 1928 he worked at the Leningrad Electrophysical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1929-1935 he was an associate professor in the department of radio engineering at the Faculty of Physics and Mechanics of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, he taught at other universities.

In 1932-1938 he worked at the Maritime Research Institute of Communications and Telemechanics. The main scientific works of A. N. Shchukin are devoted to the propagation of electromagnetic oscillations in various environments, the processes of ionization of the earth's atmosphere and their influence on the propagation of radio waves, as well as radio communications, automatic control and the application of probability theory in these areas.

Since 1935, he was engaged in teaching activities at the Naval Academy. In 1939, A. N. Shchukin, a military engineer of the 1st rank of the reserve, was awarded the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences without defending a thesis, moreover, by the decision of the Higher Attestation Commission he was approved as a professor. From 1940 he was the head of the department at the academy, while he was drafted into the Navy of the USSR and was given the military rank of colonel engineer . In 1940, he created the course "Propagation of radio waves", which played a large role in the training of radio specialists.

During the Great Patriotic War, together with the team of the Academy was evacuated in Astrakhan , then in Samarkand . Leading the department "Radio Communication Means and Observations", A. N. Shchukin prepared the scientific work "Interference immunity of radio receivers", which was of great importance for the organization of radio communications. In 1944 he was accepted into the ranks of the CPSU (b) .

After returning to Leningrad from September 1945 to September 1949, he worked as head of the department at the A. N. Krylov Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Armament, and from 1945 headed the Department of Radio Engineering at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute . In 1946 he was elected a corresponding member, and in 1953 - a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences .

From 1943 he worked as a member of the Radar Committee of the USSR State Committee of Defense, after his reorganization in 1945 he was a member of the Radar Council of the Council of People's Commissars (since 1946 the Council of Ministers) of the USSR, solved the tasks of building the radar industry ^[2] ; later, when the organization was transformed into the Third Main Directorate under the USSR Council of Ministers , he was engaged in the management of the Berkut project ^[3] . July 19, 1950 he was awarded the military rank of Major General Engineering and Technical Services .

In August 1949, he quit teaching and completely switched to scientific and organizational work, being appointed deputy chief of the 1st Main Directorate of the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR . From August 1950 - Deputy Head of the 3rd Main Directorate at the Council of Ministers of the USSR, from July 1953 - First Deputy Head of the Main Directorate for Special Engineering of the USSR Ministry of Medium Machine Building. Since 1955 - Deputy Chairman of the Special Committee at the Council of Ministers of the USSR on missile and jet weapons. From 1957 to 1975 - Deputy Chairman of the Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on military-industrial issues and Chairman of the Scientific and Technical Council of this commission. In 1965, he was simultaneously appointed deputy chairman, and in 1969, chairman of the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the complex problem of radio wave propagation. Officially retired in 1986.

He was buried at the Troyekurovsky cemetery ^[4] .

• Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1975)
• five orders of Lenin (21/05/1950, 04/20/1956, 07/20/1960, 06/17/1961, 07/21/1975)
• Order of the October Revolution (07.24.1970)
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (07.21.1980)
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (07.22.1985)
• two orders of the Red Star (07.24.1943, 04.30.1954)
• two medals "For Military Merit" (11/15/1950, 10/28/1967)
• medals
• Lenin Prize (1957)
• Stalin Prize (1952, for work in the field of radio wave propagation, radio communication theory, radio interference theory)

A bronze bust of A. N. Schukin was installed on the Alley of Heroes in Moscow Victory Park ( St. Petersburg ). ^[five]

• Methods for calculating field strength at short waves. - Moscow: MIIT, 1935.
• The propagation of ultrashort waves. - L .: Map typography of the Hydrographic Department of the Marine Forces of the RKKF, 1938. - 90 p.
• The propagation of radio waves. Approved VKVSH with SNK USSR as a textbook for communication technical schools. - M .: Svyazyzdat, 1940. - 400 p.
• Physical basis of radio wave propagation in the ionosphere. - Moscow: Svyazyzdat, 1940.
• Dynamic and fluctuation errors of controlled objects. - M .: Owls. Radio, 1961. - 214 p.
• Probability theory and its application in engineering calculations. - M .: Owls. Radio, 1974. - 135 p.
• Probability theory and experimental determination of the characteristics of complex objects. - M. - L., 1959.

• Lurie VM Admirals and Generals of the Navy of the USSR: 1946-1960. - M .: Kuchkovo Pole, 2007. - 672 p. - 3000 copies - ISBN 978-5-9950-0009-9 .
• Dotsenko V. D., Scherbakov V. N. Professor of the Naval Academy. - SPb., 2004. - p. 261, 267.
• Melua A.I. Engineers of St. Petersburg. 2nd ed., Ext. - SPb.-M., 1997. - p. 841.
• Dictionary of marine biographical. - SPb., 2000. - p. 434.
• Smelov V. A. Polytechnics - Holders of the Golden Star. - SPb., 2003. - p. 63–64.
• Biographical dictionary of scientists and technicians. T.2. - M., 1959. - p. 397.

• Schukin, Alexander Nikolaevich (Rus.) . The site " Heroes of the country ."
• A. N. Shchukin's profile on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Schukin Alexander Nikolaevich // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.