Barkov, Alexander Sergeevich (geographer)

Alexander Sergeevich Barkov was born on May 13, 1873 in the family of a peasant, a retired non-commissioned officer Sergei Ignatievich Barkov in the village of Pokrovsky, Epifansky district, Tula province .

He graduated from the Zemstvo school in 1882, studied for three years at the Epiphanian district school, then from 1886 to 1894 - at the Tula gymnasium , which he graduated with honors ^[1] .

In 1894-1898 he studied at the Department of Natural Sciences of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University , where he graduated with a gold medal and a diploma of I degree. He was a student of Professor D.N. Anuchin . Since 1899 he began teaching.

One of the first teachers of the Moscow Industrial College in memory of the 25th anniversary of the reign of Emperor Alexander II ^{[2] [3]} .

In 1911 he was appointed director of the men's gymnasium A.E. Flerov, later - school number 110 , where he worked until 1925. Since 1920, he simultaneously headed the school department at the Moscow Department of Public Education (MONO).

In 1935 he received a doctorate in geographical sciences . In 1944 he was elected a full member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR . In July 1945, A. S. Barkov was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR .

He was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor .

Wife - Gali Evgenievna Ivakinskaya ( 1887 - 1960 ), nee Klammer, actress of the Moscow Children's Theater. In the 1920s, she participated in the “knightly” circle of the Order of the Spirit, and since 1924 - the Order of Light, which adjoins the Freemasons . At the meetings of the circle was attended by A. S. Barkov. In 1930, the circle came to the attention of the NKVD and was dispersed, some members were convicted ^[4] .

A. S. Barkov died on December 28, 1953 in Moscow. Death caught him in the process of processing for the new, third edition of the Dictionary of Physical Geography Handbook (published posthumously in 1954, and then again in 1958). He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery .

In 1900-1904, D. N. Anuchin and his students A. S. Barkov, S. G. Grigoriev , A. A. Kruber , S. V. Chefranov published a series of illustrated textbooks for schools: “Asia”, “America” , "Africa", "Europe", "Australia", "Asian Russia", "European Russia".

Since 1897, he conducted private teaching practice, since 1899 he taught geography at educational institutions of Moscow: at the Alexander School , at the Higher Women's Courses ^[5] . In 1903, with a group of co-authors, he published the textbook “The Beginning Course of Geography”, in 1905, “The Course of Geography of Europe (Western Europe),” then - “The Course of Geography of Russia.” In 1909, together with A. A. Borzov, he compiled a series of methodological posters on the geography of Russia .

Since 1924 he taught at the Industrial Pedagogical Institute. K. Liebknecht (located in Moscow on Spartakovskaya street, 2/1), at the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. V.I. Lenin , who united later, in 1937. In 1926-1941 he headed the Department of Physical Geography, Moscow State Pedagogical Institute.

In the 1920s and 1930s, he participated in a number of research expeditions in the Moscow and Arkhangelsk regions, in the Crimea , was on foreign trips, and studied karst phenomena . In 1930, he was the head of a geographic expedition to prepare for the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex .

In 1928-1937 he was the editor of the department of physical geography of the Big and Small Soviet encyclopedias .

In 1931-1950 he taught at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov; From 1943 to 1950, he headed the department of physical geography of foreign countries. During the evacuation of Moscow State University (1941-1943), he lectured at the Ashgabat State Pedagogical Institute.

In 1935, together with A. A. Polovinkin, he created a textbook for the 5th grade of the secondary school “Physical Geography”, which was reprinted 18 times before 1954 and was translated into almost all languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR . In 1940, he published the Dictionary of Physical Geography Dictionary, which survived 4 editions (the last in 1958).

In 1944-1947, he headed the office of the methodology of geography at the Scientific Research Institute of Teaching Methods of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR, and until 1950 he was a senior researcher at the institute.

He developed courses in physical geography of the USSR and foreign countries, regional geography, general geography, and methods of teaching geography. He published works on geography for students of geographical faculties of pedagogical institutes. Textbooks, anthologies and methodological materials compiled by A. S. Barkov and his associates were considered the best for that time.

• Kruber A.A. , Grigoriev S.G. , Barkov A.S., Chefranov S.V. America: An Illustrated Geographical Collection. Typographic lithography of T-va I.N. Kushnerev and Co., 1901.
• Barkov A.S., Polovinkin A.A. Physical geography: a textbook for the 5th grade of junior high and high school. M.-L., 1935. - 150 p.
• Barkov A.S. Dictionary of Physical Geography. - M. , 1940.
  • Barkov A.S. Dictionary of Physical Geography: A Handbook for Teachers of Geography. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Uchpedgiz , 1948 .-- 304 p. (in per.)
  • Barkov A.S. Dictionary of Physical Geography. - Ed. 3rd, rev. and add. - M .: Uchpedgiz , 1954.- 308 p. - 75,000 copies. (in per.)
  • Barkov A.S. Dictionary of Physical Geography: A Handbook for Geography Teachers. - Ed. 4th, add. and reslave. - M .: Uchpedgiz , 1958.- 330 s. - 35,000 copies. (in per.)
• Barkov A.S. University geography and high school // Uchenye zapiski MSU. Geographical Anniversary Series, vol. 55, 1940.
• Barkov A.S. Tasks of the course of physical-geographical geography in higher education // Uchenye zapiski MSU. Geography, Prince 2, no. 119, 1946.
• Barkov A.S. Physical geography of parts of the world: Africa. - M .: Uchpedgiz , 1953. - 320 p. - (Physical geography of parts of the world). - 25,000 copies. (in per.)
• Barkov A. S. From my life // Questions of geography. - M., 1957. - Sat. 40. - S. 7-19.
• Barkov A. S. Issues of methodology and history of geography (selected works). - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the RSFSR, 1961 .-- 264 p.

• Sokolov N.I. Alexander Sergeevich Barkov, his life and activity // Questions of geography . - M., 1957. - No. 40. - S. 32-40.
• Lukashova E.N., Efremov Yu. K. Alexander Sergeevich Barkov (1873-1953) // Domestic physical geographers and travelers: Essays / Ed. N. N. Baransky , N. B. Dick , Yu. K. Efremov, A. I. Solovyov , N. A. Solntsev . - M .: Uchpedgiz , 1959. - 778 p. - 10,000 copies.
• Kholopova N.T.A. S. Barkov. M., 1961.
• Barkov Alexander Sergeevich // Bari - Bracelet. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1970. - P. 9. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 3).
• Penkov V.V. Geographer, teacher, methodologist: Alexander Sergeevich Barkov (1873-1953) // Pride of the land of Tula. - Tula, 1991.- T. 2. - S. 136-142. - Bibliography: p. 142 (6 titles).

• Ovchinnikov D. Geographer from the village of Pokrovsky // Young Communard (Tula Regional Newspaper). - December 26, 2017.
• Ovchinnikov D.A. S. Barkov - a geographer from the village of Pokrovsky // Geography and ecology in the school of the 21st century. - 2018. - No. 3. - S. 22-26.

• Barkov Alexander Sergeevich (neopr.) . Chronicle of Moscow University . Date of treatment December 15, 2017.