Todo bichig

ᡐᡆᡑᡆ ᡋᡅᡔᡅᡎ Todo Bichig
ᡐᡆᡑᡆ ᡋᡅᡔᡅᡎ Todo Bichig
Type of letter	consonant vocal writing
Languages	Kalmyk before 1924 , Oirat , Mongolian
Place of occurrence	Dzungarian Khanate
Creator	Zaya Pandita
date of creation
Period	XVII century - present
Letter direction	from top to bottom, lines from left to right
Origin	Phoenician letterAramaicSyriac writingSogdian letterUyghur letterOld Mongolian letter
Related	Manchu letter
	; gospel translation fragment

Todo-bichig ( Mong. Todo-bichig , ᡐᡆᡑᡆ
ᡋᡅᡔᡅᡎ , “clear letter”) is a written language created in 1648 on the basis of an Old Mongolian letter by an Oirat enlightener, a Buddhist monk Zaya Pandita, to approximate written language to pronunciation, as well as to simplify the recording of Sanskrit and Tibetan borrowings widely used in religious texts.

Monument to Zaya Pandita, Elista , Kalmykia

Todo bichig inscriptions on the rocks in Kazakhstan

The name of the newspaper Halmg Onn , written in todo-bichig on the building of the Press House in Elista , Kalmykia

Todo bichig sign on road sign

Writing was widespread among the Oirat Mongols , including Kalmyks . It gained a certain popularity among the Khalkha-Mongols for the ease of reading, which is why it was often used for fiction. In the Kalmyk language , the Todo-bichig script was used until 1924 and was replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet during the then campaign of cyrillization of the alphabets of the peoples of the USSR . The Oirats in the PRC have been using it to date, although the Old Mongolian alphabet is used in education.

Content

1 Letters and other elements of Todo Bichig letters
2 Todo Bichig in Unicode
3 Computer support Todo Beachich
4 Menksoft IME
5 See also
6 Literature
7 References

Todo bichig letters and other writing elements

Unicode Todo Bichig

1800 ᠀ Birga	1801 ᠁ Ellipsis	1802 ᠂ Comma	1803 ᠃ Full stop	1804 ᠄ Colon	1805 ᠅ Four dots	1806 ᠆ Todo Soft Hyphen	1807 ᠇ Sibe Syllable Boundary Marker	1808 ᠈ Manchu comma	1809 ᠉ Manchu full stop	180A ᠊ Nirugu	180B ᠋ Free Variation Selector One	180C ᠌ Free variation selector two	180D ᠍ Free Variation Selector Three	180E ᠎ Vowel sepaarator

1810 ᠐ Zero	1811 ᠑ One	1812 ᠒ Two	1813 ᠓ Three	1814 ᠔ Four	1815 ᠕ Five	1816 ᠖ Six	1817 ᠗ Seven	1818 ᠘ Eight	1819 ᠙ Nine

1820 ᠠ A	1821 ᠡ E	1822 ᠢ I	1823 ᠣ O	1824 ᠤ U	1825 ᠥ Oe	1826 ᠦ Ue	1827 ᠧ Ee	1828 ᠨ Na	1829 ᠩ Ang	182A ᠪ Ba	182B ᠫ Pa	182C ᠬ Qa	182D ᠭ Ga	182E ᠮ Ma	182F ᠯ La
1830 ᠰ Sa	1831 ᠱ Sha	1832 ᠲ Ta	1833 ᠳ Da	1834 ᠴ Cha	1835 ᠵ Ja	1836 ᠶ Ya	1837 ᠷ Ra	1838 ᠸ Wa	1839 ᠹ Fa	183A ᠺ Ka	183B ᠻ Kha	183C ᠼ Tsa	183D ᠽ Za	183E ᠾ Haa	183F ᠿ Zra
1840 ᡀ Lha	1841 ᡁ Zhi	1842 ᡂ Chi	1843 ᡃ Todo long vowel sign	1844 ᡄ Todo e	1845 ᡅ Todo i	1846 ᡆ Todo o	1847 ᡇ Todo u	1848 ᡈ Todo oe	1849 ᡉ Todo ue	184A ᡊ Todo ang	184B ᡋ Todo ba	184C ᡌ Todo pa	184D ᡍ Todo qa	184E ᡎ Todo ga	184F ᡏ Todo ma
1850 ᡐ Todo ta	1851 ᡑ Todo da	1852 ᡒ Todo cha	1853 ᡓ Todo ja	1854 ᡔ Todo tsa	1855 ᡕ Todo ya	1856 ᡖ Todo wa	1857 ᡗ Todo ka	1858 ᡘ Todo gaa	1859 ᡙ Todo haa	185A ᡚ Todo jia	185B ᡛ Todo nia	185C ᡜ Todo dza	185D ᡝ Sibe e	185E ᡞ Sibe i	185F ᡟ Sibe iy
1860 ᡠ Sibe ue	1861 ᡡ Sibe u	1862 ᡢ Sibe ang	1863 ᡣ Sibe ka	1864 ᡤ Sibe ga	1865 ᡥ Sibe ha	1866 ᡦ Sibe pa	1867 ᡧ Sibe sha	1868 ᡨ Sibe ta	1869 ᡩ Sibe da	186A ᡪ Sibe ja	186B ᡫ Sibe fa	186C ᡬ Sibe gaa	186D ᡭ Sibe haa	186E ᡮ Sibe tsa	186F ᡯ Sibe za
1870 ᡰ Sibe raa	1871 ᡱ Sibe cha	1872 ᡲ Sibe zha	1873 ᡳ Manchu i	1874 ᡴ Manchu ka	1875 ᡵ Manchu ra	1876 ᡶ Manchu fa	1877 ᡷ Manchu zha

1880 ᢀ Ali Gali Anusvara One	1881 ᢁ Ali Gali Visarga One	1882 ᢂ Ali Gali Damaru	1883 ᢃ Ali Gali Ubadama	1884 ᢄ Ali Gali Inverted Ubadama	1885 ᢅ Ali Gali Baluda	1886 ᢆ Ali Gali Three Baluda	1887 ᢇ Ali Gali A	1888 ᢈ Ali Gali I	1889 ᢉ Ali Gali Ka	188A ᢊ Ali Gali Nga	188B ᢋ Ali Gali Ca	188C ᢌ Ali Gali Tta	188D ᢍ Ali Gali Ttha	188E ᢎ Ali Gali Dda	188F ᢏ Ali Gali Nna
1890 ᢐ Ali Gali Ta	1891 ᢑ Ali Gali Da	1892 ᢒ Ali Gali Pa	1893 ᢓ Ali Gali Pha	1894 ᢔ Ali Gali Ssa	1895 ᢕ Ali Gali Zha	1896 ᢖ Ali Gali Za	1897 ᢗ Ali Gali Ah	1898 ᢘ Todo Ali Gali Ta	1899 ᢙ Todo Ali Gali Zha	189A ᢚ Manchu Ali Gali Gha	189B ᢛ Manchu Ali Gali Nga	189C ᢜ Manchu Ali Gali Ca	189D ᢝ Manchu Ali Gali Jha	189E ᢞ Manchu Ali Gali Tta	189F ᢟ Manchu Ali Gali Ddha
18A0 ᢠ Manchu Ali Gali Ta	18A1 ᢡ Manchu Ali Gali Dha	18A2 ᢢ Manchu Ali Gali Ssa	18A3 ᢣ Manchu Ali Gali Cya	18A4 ᢤ Manchu Ali Gali Zha	18A5 ᢥ Manchu Ali Gali Za	18A6 ᢦ Ali Gali Half U	18A7 ᢧ Ali Gali Half Ya	18A8 ᢨ Manchu Ali Gali Bha	18A9 ᢩ Ali Gali Dagalga	18AA ᢪ Manchu Ali Gali Lha

Computer Support Todo Beachich

Todo-bichig characters are included in the Mongolian Unicode encoding range. Currently, there is no perfect support for various forms of letters, vertical lines, as well as their correct location (from left to right). However, the first (in some new Microsoft products, for example in Windows Explorer 8, and the second) problem was mostly solved in Windows Vista 2007.

There is a Boljoo program for instant messaging on Todo Beachig.

Menksoft IME

In China, the Unicode User Area and input methods known as Menksoft IMEs are used de facto as the coding standard for Mongolian writing and Todo-bichig.

Literature

Pavel Dorji, Tsedn Svetlana, Todo-Bichig (Halmg Huuchin Bichmir Kulun), Elista, 2010, - 288 pp. ISBN 978-5-94587-423-7 - Textbook Todo-bichig (in Kalmyk language).
Badmaev, A.V., Practical self-instruction manual of Old Kalmyk writing, Kalmyk Research Institute of Language, Literature and History under the Council of Ministers of the Kalmyk ASSR, Elista , 1971
Kukanova V.V., Bembeev E.V., Muzraeva D.N. On the issue of UNICODE encoding of the graphic system “todo bichig” and the creation of a database of texts in the Old Kalmyk language // Bulletin of the Kalmyk State University. - 2013. - T. 19 , No. 3 . - S. 65–75 . - ISSN 1995-07-07 .