Ecolingistics is one of the modern scientific directions in the field of linguistics , which was formed at the junction of social, psychological and philosophical directions in linguistics. Eco-linguistics as a new scientific direction in the study of the linguistic sphere of human habitation and society is formed on the identification of laws, principles and rules common to both ecology and language development, and explores the role of language in a possible solution of environmental problems [1] .
Content
History
The ancestor of the concept of language ecology is considered to be the American linguist Einar Haugen which in 1970 in the report “Ecology of Language” and introduced the aspect of interaction in sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics . “The ecology of a language can be defined as the science of the relationship between a language and its environment, where a language environment means a society that uses language as one of its codes. A language exists only in the minds of those who speak it and functions only in relationships with other speakers and with their social and natural (natural) environment. Partially, the ecology of a language has a physiological nature (that is, interaction with other languages in the speaker’s mind), and partly social (that is, interaction with a society in which language is used as a means of communication). The ecology of a language depends on the people who teach it, use it and transmit it to other people ” [2] .
Ideology
The main idea of Haugen is that languages, like various types of animals and plants, are in equilibrium, compete with each other, and their very existence depends on each other, both within the state and other social groups, and in human consciousness, who speaks several languages [3] .
Subject Ecolinguistics
The subject of ecolinguistics is the interaction between language, a person as a language personality and his environment. At the same time, language is considered as an integral component of the chain of relations between man, society and nature. The functioning and development of a language is represented as an ecosystem , and the world around it - as a language concept [4] .
H. Haarmann Ecological System
Harald Haarmann identifies 7 environmental variables that determine language behavior:
- Demographic
- Social
- Political
- Cultural
- Mental
- Interactive
- Linguistic
According to his theory, these variables cannot be divided; they are closely related and interact with each other, thereby forming an “ecological system”. Thus, the ecological system is the interconnection of the seven ecological variables, which ultimately form a single whole.
Terminology
Alvin Phill was the first to develop a clear terminology for different areas of ecolinguistics. In total, he identified three areas:
- Ecolingistics is a general term for all areas of research that combine ecology and linguistics;
- Language Ecology - explores the interaction between languages in order to preserve linguistic diversity);
- Ecological linguistics transfers terms and principles of ecology to a language (for example, the concept of an ecosystem);
Linguistic (linguistic) ecology studies the relationship between language and “environmental” issues [5] .
Aspects of linguoecology
At the moment, there are three aspects of the ecology of language:
- Intralingual (associated with the culture of speech , stylistics , rhetoric and includes studies of violations of correctness, clarity, consistency, expressiveness and other communicative properties of speech).
- Interlingual (associated with polylingualism as the habitat of a separate ethnic language and the problem of the disappearance of languages, and hence, with a decrease in linguistic diversity on Earth).
- Translingual (associated with the use of units, means, the realities of one language, one culture in the context and means of another language belonging to another culture in fiction , folklore , journalism ).
Notes
- ↑ Ivanova E. V. Goals, Objectives and Problems of Ecolinguistics. The pragmatic aspect of communicative linguistics and stylistics: a collection of scientific papers / Ed. ed. N. B. Popova. Ch.: Publishing house of the IIUMC “Education”, 2007. - P. 41-47.
- ↑ Haugen E. The Ecology of language. Essays by Einar Haugen. - Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972.
- ↑ Ivanova E. V. Goals, Objectives and Problems of Ecolinguistics. The pragmatic aspect of communicative linguistics and stylistics: a collection of scientific papers / Ed. ed. N. B. Popova. - Ch.: Publishing house of the IIUMC “Education”, 2007. - P. 41-47
- ↑ Ivanova E.V. Eco-linguistics and the role of metaphor in describing environmental problems.
- ↑ Ivanova E. V. Goals, Objectives and Problems of Ecolinguistics. The pragmatic aspect of communicative linguistics and stylistics: a collection of scientific papers / Ed. ed. N. B. Popova. Chelyabinsk: Publishing house IUUMTS "Education", 2007. - p. 41-47.
Literature
- Nechiporenko V. F. Biolinguistics in its formation (Biolinguistic foundations of the system of memory, thinking, language and speech). M .: MGPI, 1984. - 124 p.
- Nechiporenko VF Lingvophilosophical foundations of ecolinguistics. - Kaluga: Kaluga regional organization of the Union of Journalists of Russia, 1998. 210 p.
- Haugen E. The Ecology of language. Essays by Einar Haugen. - Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972.
- Haugen E. The Ecology of Language. In: Fill A., Mһlһdusler P. The Ecolinguistics Reader. Language, Ecology and Environment. London, New York, 2001.
- Ivanova Ye. V. The Pragmatic Aspect of Communicative Linguistics and Stylistics: A Collection of Scientific Works / Ed. ed. N. B. Popova. - Chelyabinsk: Publishing house IUUMTS "Education", 2007. - p. 41-47.
- Ivanova Ye.V. Eco-linguistics and the role of metaphor in describing environmental problems.