Abolin, Robert Ivanovich

He was born on May 18, 1886 (according to the senior art.) In the Riga county of Livonia province , in a family of Latvian peasants.

Since 1905 he participated in the revolutionary movement. Since 1907 he lived in St. Petersburg illegally, studied at the St. Petersburg agricultural courses.

Since 1909, he participated in the research of V.N.Sukachev in the swamps of the Pskov and Novgorod provinces.

In the years 1911-1912. worked as part of the Nerchinsk expedition in Transbaikalia , organized by the Relocation Directorate of the State Educational Institution of Health and Agriculture in Eastern Siberia.

In 1913 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Forest Institute . In the same year he was drafted into the army, but soon commissioned.

From 1915 to 1918 he personally and with his students actively studied the vegetation of Central Asia , collected extensive collections of plants stored in the Herbarium (SAC) of Tashkent University ^[5] , and headed the astronomical laboratory in Verny .

In the years 1918-1922. and from 1924 to 1930 he worked in Tashkent as the manager of the Kaplanbek horticultural state farm; Head of the agricultural and scientific-technical departments of the People's Commissariat of Turkestan Republic ; editor of the journal Irrigation, Agriculture and Livestock; one of the organizers of the Institute of Soil Science and Geobotany at the University of Turkestan , the head of the geobotanical department of this institute; Lecturer, professor of the Department of Meadow Studies, Central Asian State University .

In 1922-1924, he was a teacher at the St. Petersburg Agricultural Institute, at the same time holding the position of a scientific specialist at the North-Western Experimental and Reclamation Station.

In the post-Tashkent period from 1930 to 1931, he was a scientific specialist at the Institute of Agricultural Soil Science in Leningrad. In 1932 to 1937, he was the head of the desert development bureau at the All-Union Institute of Plant Growing (VIR) , while also occupying the post of professor at the Department of Geobotany of the Biological and Soil Faculty of Leningrad University ^[6] , made an expedition to Dagestan.

December 18, 1937 arrested. On January 17, 1938, the Commission of the NKVD and the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR sentenced under capital punishment under articles 17–58–8, 58–7–11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR . On January 27, 1938, he was shot in Leningrad ^[7] .

There are other versions of the death of Robert Abolin:

• In 1939 he died in the camp ^[8] .
• Repressed in 1937, subsequently released ^[9] .

• 1930s - st. Herzen, 10, apt. ten.

He worked at the Central Asian State University (SAGU) , the All-Union Institute of Plant Production (VIR) , the Soil Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad University ; conducted field research in the Pskov and Novgorod provinces, in Eastern Siberia , Central Asia and Dagestan .

Developed the concept of C. H. Merriem ( Eng. Clinton Hart Merriam , 1894, 1898) about the "vital areas":

In the work “The Experience of Epigenological Classification of Swamps” (1914), based on the results of expeditions to the Pskov and Novgorod provinces, Abolin theoretically substantiated the need to study small natural-territorial complexes, identified surface formations of the lithogenic surface under the name of epigens (relief, vegetation, etc.). ) He combined the totality of epigens into an epigenem - a system of surface natural complexes. According to his assumption, the formation of epigenes occurs under the influence of exogenous processes that turn the Earth's surface into a weathering crust. Abolin dismembered the epigenemus into climate-related episodes , including epio-regions . Abolin isolated epitypes within the epioblast . The structure and evolution of the swamp type are presented by him on the study of individual sections of the swamp, which he called epimorphs . In the development of swamps, Abolin distinguished three phases of development: the lake-river, ground, and the phase of atmospheric nutrition. In the article “Swamp forms of Pinus silvestris L.” (1915), Abolin identified four ecological swamp forms of Scots pine ^[6] .

A generalizing work on the study of Eastern Siberia was the summary “Geobotanical and soil description of the Lena-Vilyui plain ” (1929).

The main areas of work of Abolin in the Tashkent period were geobotanical and soil descriptions, natural-historical zoning, animal feed base, useful plants, desert development. Among the numerous works of Abolin of this period, the Fundamentals of the Natural Historical Zoning of Soviet Central Asia (1929) are important, which shows the zoning of the territory of Central Asia by thermal zones based on climatic features, and the book From Deserted Steppes of the Balkhash River to the Snowy Peaks of Khan Tengri (1930), which includes a description of vertical landscape belts , or, in Abolin's terminology, “zones of life,” Semirechye ^[6] .

Printed Works

• Some data on forest and other plant formations of the Zhegulevsky mountains of the Simbirsk Bay. // Forest. journal - 1910. - T. XL , no. 3 . - S. 321-351 .
• The taiga between the Nercha and Kuenga rivers in the Trans-Baikal region // Preliminary report on the organization and execution of work on the study of soils of Asian Russia in 1911 - St. Petersburg, 1912. - P. 29-43.
• In the taiga of the Lena-Vilyui plain // Preliminary report on the organization and execution of works on the study of soils of Asian Russia in 1912 / Ed. K. D. Glinka. - SPb. , 1913. - S. 225-267.
• Permanent permafrost and fossil ice // Zap. Chitinsk. Dep. Russian geo islands Vol. 9. - Chita, 1913. - S. 19-108.
• The experience of epigenological classification of marshes // Marsh science. No. 3-4. - 1914. - S. 230-287.
• Swamp forms of Pinus silvestris L. // Tr. Bot. muses Acad. sciences. T. 14. - Pg., 1915. - S. 62-84.
• The western part of the Vernensk district in soil-botanical and agricultural terms // Semirechye. - Faithful, 1916. - Vol. 12 . - S. 299-307 .
• The study of vegetation Semirechye // Semirechye. - Faithful, 1916. - Vol. 7 .
• Soil and botanical areas of the eastern part of Vernensky district in connection with the next agronomic work // Semirechye. - Faithful, 1916. - Vol. 4 . - S. 90-95 .
• Salt flats and their use for field culture // Semirechye. - Faithful, 1916. - Vol. 1 and 2 .
• Cultural and wild medicinal plants of the Semirechye region // Semirechye. - Faithful, 1917. - Vol. 1-2 .
• On the classification and terminology of soils in the desert zone of Turkestan // Irrigation, sel. household and animal husbandry. - Tashkent, 1922. - Issue. 3 .
• On the classification of bogs in the North-Western region // Materials on experimental. reclamation. case. Vol. 2. - M.: State. Institute of village-households Land Reclamation, 1928. - S. 3–55.
• Fundamentals of natural-historical regionalization of Soviet Central Asia // Tr. Central Asian state un-that. Ser. XII-a. Geography. Vol. 2. - Tashkent: Publishing house of Central Asia. state University, 1929. - S. 1-75.
• Geobotanical and soil description of the Lena-Vilyui plain. - L.: Acad. Sciences, 1929. - 372 p. - (Tr. Commission. For the study. Yakutsk. ASSR; v. 10).
• The southern part of the Alma-Ata District of the Kazak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the natural-historical relation. - Tr. Institute of Soil Science. and geobot. SAGU, Kazakhstan. ser. Vol. 1. - Tashkent, 1929. - S. 1-63.
• The eastern part of the Syr-Darya district of the Kazak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the natural-historical relation. - Tr. Institute of Soil Science. and geobot. SAGU, Kazakhstan. ser. Vol. 2. - Tashkent, 1929. - S. 1-52.
• Vegetation and soil of the Lena-Vilyui plain. Essays on phytosociology and phytogeography // New Village. - M. , 1929. - S. 63-87 .
• Mountain pastures of the Talas-Susamyr district of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic // Materials Kompl. exp research USSR Academy of Sciences. - L. , 1930 .-- T. IV , no. 27 . - S. 1--284 .
• From the desert steppes of Balkhash to the snowy peaks of Khantengri . Part 1. Geobotanical and soil description of the southern part of the Almaty district of the Kazak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. - Tr. Institute of Soil Science. and geobot. SAGU, Kazakhstan. ser. Vol. 5. - L .: People’s Commissariat Cossack. ASSR (Almaty) and Institute of Soil Science. and geobotany Central Asia. state University (Tashkent). 1930 - S. 1-176.
• Brief description of the types of forage land in Mountain Dagestan. - Makhachkala, 1932 .-- 43 p.
• Vegetation of Kazakhstan as a forage base // Kazakhstan. Sat ed. USSR Academy of Sciences. - L. , 1932. - S. 245—257 .
• The main ways of agricultural development of deserts and semi-deserts of the USSR // Socialist. plant growing. - 1932. - Issue. 3 . - S. 9-28 .
• Soil-reclamation sketch of the river basin. Terek // Tr. Linen. Dep. All research Institute of fertilizers and soil science. - 1933. - Issue. 19 .
• To the zoning of field crops. Central Asian republics // Plant growing of the USSR. - M. - L., 1933. - T. I , no. 1 . - S. 250-296 .
• Woody vegetation and forests of Central Asia // Dendrology with the basics of forest geobotany. - L .: Selkhozgiz, 1934. - C. 477-549.
• Mountain pastures of Kyrgyzstan and their reconstruction // Tr. Kyrgyz set exp USSR Academy of Sciences. Volume 4, no. 1. - L., 1934. - 148 p. (together with E.P. Korovin and M.M. Sovetkina).
• Vegetation of solonchaks, its use and improvement // Probl. crop production. desert development; VIR. - L. , 1934. - Vol. 2 . - S. 9–32 .

Named Abolin:

• Abolin Glacier , its highest point (4051 m) Abolin Peak and Abolin Pass in the Dzungarian Alatau ;
• in Antarctica .

• Kafanov A.I. , Kudryashov V.A. Classics of biogeography: bibliographic index. 2005.
• Brief geographic encyclopedia . T. 5 / Ch. Ed. Grigoryev A.A.
• Milkov F.N. Dictionary-Reference for Physical Geography. - Ed. 2nd add. - M.: Thought 1970—344 p.
• Russian botanists: Biographical and bibliographic dictionary. Volume I. AB. / Comp. S. Yu. Lipschits . - M.: Publishing House of Moscow Institute of Applied Mathematics, 1947 .-- 336 p.
• Kolchinsky E. I. , Fedotova A. A. Abolin Robert Ivanovich // Biology in St. Petersburg 1703-2008 Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ed. ed. E.I. Kolchinsky. - SPB .: Nestor-Istoriya, 2011 .-- S. 530. - 568 p.

• Abolin Robert Ivanovich - Scientific and Information Portal on Soil Science (inaccessible link)
• Kafanov A. I., Kudryashov V. A., 2005. Classics of biogeography: a biobibliographic index: Abolin Robert Ivanovich