Bykov, Leonid Fedorovich

Early years

He was born in the village of Znamenka ^{[5] of the} Slavic region of the Donetsk region of the Ukrainian SSR in the peasant family of Fyodor Ivanovich (born in 1898) and Zinaida Pankratovna (born in 1907) Bykovs, namesakes; the elder sister is Louise (born 1927) ^[1] . His mother was a housewife, his father a worker, a participant in the First World War and the Civil War , he worked as a roll maker at the Kramatorsk Metallurgical Plant . In 1930, the family moved to Kramatorsk , where Leonid graduated from high school number 6, where he first appeared on the stage of the local Lenin Palace of Culture ^[1] .

During the Great Patriotic War from 1941 to 1943, he was evacuated with his family in Barnaul . Since childhood, he dreamed of aviation and enrolled in flight schools twice: the first time was in Oirot-Tour (1943), where the 2nd Leningrad Military Pilot School was evacuated in 1942, but was not accepted there because of his age and vertically challenged; the second time - in Leningrad (1945), in the 2nd special school for pilots, which was disbanded at the end of the war.

Actor and Director

In 1947, he was not accepted to the Theater Institute in Kiev , but he entered and graduated from the acting department of the Kharkov Theater Institute ( 1951 ). In 1951 - 1960 he was an actor of the Kharkiv State Academic Ukrainian Theater named after T. G. Shevchenko . His acting career began in the theater, he played the dude in the comedy “Street of the Three Nightingales, 17” and Pavka Korchagin in the production of “ How Steel Was Tempered ” ^[6] .

In the movie, he played his first role in 1952 in the film " The Fate of Marina ." The comedies “ Tamer of the Tigers ” (1954) and “ Maxim Perepelitsa ” (1955) brought him great fame: the first became the leaders of the Soviet film distribution (second place with 36.7 million viewers) ^[7] , and the main role of soldier Maxim Perepelitsa for many years became Bykov’s calling card, which caused him many problems in his work ^[8] .

In 1959 he moved to Leningrad, where until 1969 he served as an actor and director at Lenfilm . In 1961, together with Herbert Rappoport, he shot the short film "How to rope or curl." The film has remained beyond the attention of both viewers and critics. In 1963, auditioned for the role of Detochkin in the film "Watch Out for the Car" ^[9] . In the same year, he independently shot the full-length comedy "Bunny" , in which he played the main role. The picture was sharply criticized, and Bykov “earned” his first heart attack ^[10] .

Among his best movie roles of those years are Bogatyreva (“ My Dear Man ”, 1958), Lyoshka Akishina (“ Volunteers ”, 1958), Alyoshka (“ Alyoshkina Love ”, 1960), Garkusha (“ On Seven Winds ”, 1962), Sashko Makarenko ( Scouts , 1968).

In 1969, succumbing to the persuasion of the leadership of the A. Dovzhenko Film Studio , he moved to Kiev, where, however, he did not receive the promised field for activity: Bykov sought to film a lyrical comedy, and the studio management demanded of him "the second Maxim Perepelitsa"; all this resulted in a conflict, the director was left without work for a long time and fell into a depression ^[10] .

In the late 1960s, together with Yevgeny Onoprienko and Alexander Satsky , a script was created for the film about pilots, which censorship did not miss for a long time because of its “non-heroism”. Finally, in 1972, Bykov began filming the movie “ Only Old Men Are Going to Battle, ” in which he played a major role. According to the journalist Kira Burenina, over the year the film attracted more than 72 million viewers ^[10] . According to official statistics, according to the results of 1973, the picture took fourth place in the box office with 44.3 million viewers ^[11] .

In 1976, another film was shot on a military theme - " Aty-bats, soldiers were coming ... ". During the filming, in April (according to other sources - in December) in 1976, Bykov suffered a second heart attack.

In 1978, the filming of the fantastic satirical film “Alien” began on the novel by Evgeny Shatko “Alien-73”, in which Bykov took part as the scriptwriter, director and lead actor, the alien Gloza . By 1979, two parts of the film were shot, but the picture was never completed. The film screenings for the film were framed as an independent 10-minute film production, awarded the Grand Prix for combined shooting and laconicism at the festival in Paris (according to the actor’s memory site); in 2018, the film was posted on the network ^[12] .

Doom

According to one version ^[13] , during the filming of “The Alien”, Bykov wrote a strange testament letter addressed to the friends of Nikolai Mashchenko and Ivan Mikolaichuk , as if anticipating a speedy tragedy. According to another ^[14] , a will was written three years before death, after a heart attack that he suffered. The letter, according to the memoirs of his daughter Maryana, was written on a small piece of paper, in the style of his father, with the name "And if this is the end ...":

... Let someone alone say the word goodbye, and that’s it. No need for a circus called honors.

No grave speeches. “Derby”, as much as he can, but I beg - not at home. Let the guys sing “Cranes”, “Earring with Malaya Bronnaya”, “Take your greatcoat”, “This Victory Day”, and then let the 2nd squadron “embed” the “Smuglyanka” from beginning to end.

I am very sorry that I did not manage to do anything worthwhile ...

On April 11, 1979, Leonid Bykov died in a car accident on his 51st year of life on the 46th km of the Minsk - Kiev highway near the village of Dymer . He was returning on his Volga from a summer residence near Kiev. Ahead of him was the MTZ-50 tractor with a cultivator , and Bykov decided to overtake him. However, when overtaking, there was a collision with an oncoming truck GAZ-53 . The blow fell on the right front door ^[15] .

The investigation was conducted very carefully. Consultations were held with experts, car racers, experiments on the race track. It turned out that the young driver of the oncoming truck was innocent. Bykov was sober, but made a mistake, possibly due to fatigue. He also did not have a heart attack, otherwise he would release the brake pedal. Leonid Fedorovich to the last tried to prevent a collision.

At the time of his death, Leonid Bykov was 50 years old. He was buried at the Baykovsky cemetery in Kiev ^[16] .

• Wife - Tamara Konstantinovna Bykova (nee Kravchenko ) (1927-2010 ^[17] ).
• Son - Alexander (b. 1956), lives in Canada, four children ^[18] .
• Daughter - Maryana (b. 1958).

• In 1994, the International Astronomical Union named one of the minor planets the name " Bulls " ^[19] .
• In honor of the actor in the city of Kramatorsk the street of the Lazurny microdistrict is named.
• In honor of the actor named a street in Kurgan ^[20] .
• During decommunization in Ukraine , the streets of Slavyansk ^[21] , Sumy ^[22] , Kharkov ^[23] , and Krivoy Rog got the name of Leonid Bykov.
• Also during the decommunization renamed Kramatorsk GDK them. Lenin in the GDK them. L. Bykov, where nearby, in April 2002, a bronze bust of Leonid Bykov by sculptor Sergey Gontar was installed . September 16, 2018 the bust was destroyed during mass festivities. On December 11, 2018, the bust was restored ^[24] .
• In honor of the actor named boulevard in Kiev .
• At the place of death under Dymer installed a memorial sign ^[25] .
• In Kiev , not far from the Walk of Fame, there is a monument to Leonid Bykov , which is depicted in the image of the Maestro, the protagonist of the film "Some Old Men Go to Battle", who crouched on the wing of his plane.
• In Kiev, the facade of the house where Leonid Bykov lived, Kiev artist Nikolai Yanok decorated with a symbolic mural in honor of the Maestro (Tumanyan St., 8) ^[26] .
• In Kramatorsk, on the wall of house number 9 on Bykova street, a mural is being prepared in honor of the Maestro ^{[27] [28] [29]}
• In 2018, the Donbass Post of the self-proclaimed DPR issued a postage stamp on the 90th anniversary of Leonid Bykov ^[30] .

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  Secondary school No. 6 of the city of Kramatorsk, in which Bykov studied

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  Monument to Leonid Bykov in his native Kramatorsk

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  A plaque in Kharkov at the Theater. Shevchenko
  (another is installed on house 12 on Kultury St., where the actor lived)

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  Leonid Bykov in the role of "Maestro" from the movie "Some Old Men Go to Battle".
  (image on the wall of house number 26 on Sumskaya St. in Kharkov, 2013)

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  The plaque on the house 8 on the street. Hovhannes Tumanyan in Kiev, where Leonid Bykov lived in 1975-1979.

Actor

• 1952 - Winners (the picture did not appear on the screens) - Button
• 1953 - The fate of Marina - Sashko
• 1954 - Tiger Tamer - Petya Mokin
• 1955 - Another's relatives - Lev Zakharovich, teacher
• 1955 - Maxim Perepelitsa - Private / Junior Sergeant Maxim Kondratievich Perepelitsa
• 1957 - Next to us - Nikolai Zhukov, engineer
• 1958 - Volunteers - Alyosha Akishin
• 1958 - Quarrel in Lukashi - Victor Terentievich Ace
• 1958 - My dear man - Pasha Bogatyryov
• 1959 - May Stars - Soviet tanker Alyosha
• 1960 - Alyoshkin love - Alyoshka
• 1960 - Beware, Grandma! - Lesha Shtykov
• 1961 - How the rope does not curl - Grandfather with a cow
• 1962 - Seven Winds - Garkush
• 1962 - Horizon - Foreman of the virgin state farm
• 1962 - When Building Bridges - Richard
• 1963 - Grand Wick - conductor of the symphony orchestra
• 1963 - Newton Street 1 - episode
• 1964 - Bunny - Leo Bunny, theater make-up artist
• 1966 - In the city of S. - Carter
• 1968 - Scouts - Sashko Makarenko
• 1970 - Anna's happiness - Commander of the food detachment
• 1971 - Where are you, knights? - scientist Igor Vladimirovich Kresovsky
• 1973 - Only "old men" go into battle - Alexei Titarenko ("Maestro"), squadron commander. later regiment
• 1977 - Ati-bats, soldiers were coming ... - Corporal Viktor Svyatkin

Scoring Roles

• 1967 - Chronicle of a dive bomber - ordinary mechanic Osadchy (the role of Viktor Ilyichev )
• 1967 - The Stolen Airship (Italy, Czechoslovakia - Agent 13)
• 1968 - Feelings - soldier Ferdinand (role of Algimantas Masiulis )

Director

• 1961 - No matter how the rope twists
• 1964 - Bunny
• 1971 - Where are you, knights?
• 1973 - Only "old men" go into battle
• 1977 - Ati-bats, soldiers were coming ...

Screenwriter

• 1973 - Only "old men" go into battle
• 1978 - Alien (after death dostnitsya Boris Ivchenko with another cast - Star trip )

Wick

• Big wick. Short story "Overture" (1963) (director, actor)
• Wick No. 11 (1963) (screenwriter, director)
• Wick number 15. The plot of the "University of Culture" (1963) (screenwriter, actor)

• ... which everyone loved (1982, A. Dovzhenko Film Studio , dir. Leonid Osyka ).
• To remember ... Leonid Bykov. Movie 20 (1996)
• Do not shoot white swans (2004)
• Leonid Bykov. In the last breath (2005)
• How the idols left. Leonid Bykov (2006)
• My truth. Leonid Bykov (2007)
• Smile of the Maestro (2008)

• Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR ( 1958 )
• Medal "For the development of virgin lands" ( 1960 )
• Honored Artist of the RSFSR ( June 29, 1965 )
• Order of the Badge of Honor ( November 4, 1967 )
• Laureate of the All-Union Film Festival in the nomination "First Award for acting" in 1974
• Winner of the All-Union Film Festival in the nomination "First Prizes for Feature Films" for 1974
• People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR ( August 5, 1974 )
• State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR named after T. G. Shevchenko ( 1977 ) - for staging and fulfilling the main roles in the films “Only Old Men Go to Battle” (1973) and “Aty-bats, Soldiers Went ...” (1976)
• Order of the October Revolution ( May 30, 1978 )
• Breastplate "Excellence in cultural patronage of the Armed Forces of the USSR"

• Site of memory of Leonid Bykov
• Fedor Razzakov, “Star tragedies: riddles, fate and death”
• Leonid Bykov in Igarka
• “Leonid Bykov. Let's live! ” (D / f, First , 2014)