Dzhankoy region

Located in the steppe Crimea, in the Sivash region in the north of the republic. The relief is flat, most of the area is occupied by the plowed steppe. The North Crimean Canal passes through the territory of the Dzhankoy district - the main waterway of the northern Crimea, supplying the republic with water from the Dnieper .

The nature of the region is typical of the steppe part of Crimea, there are no natural forests. The climate is temperate continental, dry with large annual and daily fluctuations in air temperature. Minerals are represented by deposits of brick-tiled clay, sand and gravel deposits, mineral springs, iodine groundwater and gas deposits.

There are two large water intakes in the district, which should provide water supply to Kerch and Feodosia .

On the territory of the district is located one of the four regional landscape parks of Crimea - Kalinovsky , created on February 16, 2000.

The district was formed by the resolution of the Krymrevkom of January 8, 1921 No. 206 "On changing administrative borders" ^[9] , according to which the volost system was abolished, and Perekop district was transformed into Dzhankoy, in which 2 districts were formed: Dzhankoysky and Ishunsky ^[10] . In 1922, counties were transformed into districts ^[11] . On October 11, 1923, according to the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the administrative division of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was amended, as a result of which the districts were liquidated, the Ishunsky district was abolished, and its villages were transferred to the Dzhankoy ^[12] and the main administrative unit was the Dzhankoy district ^[13] with 587 settlements.

In 1927-1929 the first agricultural artels and communes began to be organized in the area.

In 1929, the Young Guard community was created in the village of Yantsevo from street children and juvenile delinquents to train tractor foremen, gardening workers, livestock breeders, and agricultural equipment repair technicians. To eradicate illiteracy, schools, huts, reading rooms, and labor schools are opening. The first school was opened in 1922 in the village of Lobanovo.

Until the mid 30s, when collectivization was completed, there were 82 collective farms in the region. The development of agricultural production took place in difficult conditions: poverty of solonchak lands, drought, dry winds. Only by 1939, when MTS was developed, the living standards of collective farmers began to rise.

According to the All-Union Census of 1939, the population was 46,626. In national terms, it was taken into account ^[14] :

Soon after the outbreak of World War II , on August 18, 1941, Crimean Germans were evicted from the region, first to the Stavropol Territory , and then to Siberia and northern Kazakhstan ^[15] , at the same time part of the Jewish population of Crimea was evacuated, most of them were executed under occupation ^{[ 16]} .

On May 18, 1944, the Crimean Tatar population of the region was deported from Crimea ^[17] , on June 26 the same fate befell Armenians , Bulgarians and Greeks living in the region ^[18] . On August 12, 1944, Resolution No. GOKO-6372s “On the Relocation of Collective Farmers to the Crimean Regions” ^[19] was adopted and in September 1944 the first new settlers (27 families) arrived from the Kamenetz-Podolsk and Kiev regions , and in the early 1950s The second wave of immigrants from various regions of Ukraine followed ^[20] . Since June 25, 1946, plot No. 22 as part of the Crimean region of the RSFSR ^[21] . In subsequent years, all villages bearing Crimean Tatar, German, Jewish names were renamed: in August 1945, 15 village councils received new names ^[22] , and on April 18, 1948, 72 more settlements were renamed ^[23] . Since June 25, 1946, the district as part of the Crimean region of the RSFSR ^[21] , and on April 26, 1954 the Crimean region was transferred from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR ^[24] . Since March 21, 2014 - as part of the Republic of Crimea of ​​Russia ^[25] .

Since April 4, the Voronezh region has become a foster subject for the Dzhankoy region of Crimea. According to the decree of the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Kozak, Voronezh was entrusted with providing advisory, material and legal assistance for the normal functioning of public utilities and the social sphere of the sponsored territories. The subject of Russia is assigned sponsored territories from the composition of the new subject .

Population 1939 [26] 1959 [27] 1970 [28] 1979 [29] 1989 [30] 2001 [31] 46,626 ↗ 52 217 ↗ 72 552 ↗ 79 865 ↘ 79 427 ↗ 81 990 2009 [32] 2010 [32] 2011 [32] 2012 [33] 2013 [33] 2014 [34] ↘ 75 370 ↘ 74 923 ↘ 74 538 ↘ 74 426 ↘ 74 131 ↘ 68 429 2015 [35] 2016 [36] 2017 [37] 2018 [38] 2019 [5] ↗ 68 569 ↘ 67 856 ↘ 66 873 ↘ 65 978 ↘ 65 256

According to the population census in the Crimean Federal District, as of October 14, 2014, the population of the district was 68,429 people (100.0% of which is rural). ^[39]

As of January 1, 2014, the population of the region amounted to 74,405 permanent residents and 74020 people of the present population ^[40] , as of July 1, 2014 - 74,412 permanent residents (including 6117 urban (8.2%) and 68195 rural) and 73927 people of the current population ^[41] .

National composition

According to the censuses of 2001 and 2014 :

The Dzhankoy district, a district as a municipality with the status of a municipal district within the Republic of Crimea of ​​the Russian Federation since 2014 includes 28 municipalities with the status of rural settlements ^{[44] [45]} :

Until 2014, they composed the local councils of the same name: 2 village councils and 26 village councils as part of the administrative division of the Crimea as part of Ukraine (until 1991 - the Crimean region of the Ukrainian SSR as part of the USSR ).

Settlements

The Dzhankoy region includes 113 settlements, including: 2 urban-type villages ( Azov and Volnoye ), 106 villages and 5 villages (rural-type) ^[44] , and since 2014, all urban-type villages (urban settlements) of the Republic of Crimea were also attributed to rural settlements ^[45] :

Abolished settlements

Industry

Наибольшие предприятия: Азовский ликёроводочный завод, ОАТП «Новатор» (закупка молочной продукции и производство молочных продуктов), ОАТП «Агропромсервис» (ремонт сельскохозяйственной техники), Азовский комбинат хлебопечения. Торговое обслуживание населения района осуществляются предприятиями Джанкойского и Азовского потребительского обществ и другими торговыми предприятиями. Всего в районе 159 предприятий торговли и общественного питания, 2 автотранспортных предприятия.

Agriculture

В результате реорганизации сельскохозяйственных предприятий, которая началась в 2000 году, в районе образованы 16 сельскохозяйственных ООО, 9 сельскохозяйственных производственных кооперативов, 1 ЗАО, а также 161 фермерское хозяйство. Сельское хозяйство Джанкойского района многоотраслевое: здесь выращиваются зерновые, овощи, кормовые культуры, виноград и фрукты, а также рис, производится животноводческая продукция, проводится промышленная переработка сырья.

Transport

По территории района проходит автотранспортная магистраль государственного значения — автотрасса Москва — Ялта. У северной границы района с 2014 года располагается МАПП «Джанкой». При въезде на территорию района со стороны Запорожья установлен памятник — арка «Крымские Золотые Ворота».

В районе — 43 общеобразовательных школы, 45 дошкольных и 3 внешкольных учреждения, ПТУ, 2 учебно-воспитательных комбината; научные учреждения: исследовательское хозяйство «Джанкойский карантинный питомник, интродукции ГНБС» УААН, Степное исследовательское хозяйство «Магарач» Института винограда и вина «Магарач»; центральная районная больница, на базе которой действуют родовой дом, кожно-венерологический и туберкулезный диспансеры, стоматологическая поликлиника, Азовская районная больница, 3 участковых больницы, 9 амбулаторий, 62 фельдшерско-акушерских пункта, 5 аптек, санитарно-эпидемиологическую станция; 62 учреждения культуры, в том числе 4 детских музыкальных школы, 2 кинотеатра, 73 библиотеки, Центр народного творчества и досуг. При домах культуры и клубах действуют 15 национальных коллектива художественной самодеятельности, из них 7 — народные; работает районный историко-краеведческий музей. Ежегодно в районе проводится традиционный фестиваль культур, дни национальных культур.

В районе зарегистрированы памятники археологии: 16 курганов эпохи бронзы, скифского периода и средневековья; установлены 28 монументальных памятников, в частности: в пгт Азовское — селькору Ф. Приходько, который погиб от рук кулаков.

• Официальный сайт Джанкойского муниципального района Республики Крым
• Список памятников культурного наследия Джанкойского района в Викигиде