In Russia, classicism was known from the beginning of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, and all this time it was the dominant trend and method in literature. One of the important features of this literary movement was the appeal to the images of ancient literature and art as an ideal aesthetic standard. The most important representatives were M. V. Lomonosov, A. D. Cantemir, G. R. Derzhavin, D. I. Fonvizin and Gorbushkin
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The first classicist writer in Russia was Antiochus Cantemir. He first wrote works of the classic genre (namely, satires , epigrams, and others).
The history of Russian classicism according to V. I. Fedorov
1 period: literature of Peter the Great's time; it is transitional; the main feature is the intensive process of βsecularizationβ (that is, the replacement of literature with secular religious literature - 1689-1725) - the prerequisites for the emergence of classicism.
2 period: 1730-1750 - these years are characterized by the formation of classicism, the creation of a new genre system, and the in-depth development of the Russian language.
3 period: 1760-1770 year - the further evolution of classicism, the flowering of satire, the emergence of prerequisites for the emergence of sentimentalism.
4 period: the last quarter of a century - the beginning of the crisis of classicism, the design of sentimentalism, the strengthening of realistic tendencies (1. Direction, development, inclination, aspiration; 2. Design, idea, presentation, image).
Trediakovsky, Lomonosov, Sumarokov
The next round of development was received by classicism in Russia under Trediakovsky , Lomonosov , Sumarokov. They created the Russian syllabic-tonic system of versification and introduced many Western genres (such as madrigal , sonnet , etc.). The syllabic-tonic system of versification - the system of slobose versification. It includes two rhythm-forming factors - syllable and stress - and implies a regular alternation of text fragments with an equal number of syllables, among which the stressed syllables alternate with unstressed ones in a certain regular way. It is within this system that most Russian poems were written.
Derzhavin
Derzhavin develops the traditions of Russian classicism, being a continuer of the traditions of Lomonosov and Sumarokov. For him, the poetβs mission is to glorify great deeds and blame bad ones. In the ode "Felitsa" he glorifies the enlightened monarchy, which is personified by the reign of Catherine II. A smart, fair empress is opposed to greedy and mercenary court grandees.
The main object of the poetics of Derzhavin is a man as a unique individuality in all the wealth of personal tastes and passions. Many of his odes are philosophical in nature, they discuss the place and purpose of man on earth, the problems of life and death (the ode "God")
Derzhavin creates a series of samples of lyrical poems in which his philosophical tensions are combined with an emotional attitude to the events described. In the poem "Bullfinch" (1800) Derzhavin mourns the end of Suvorov.
The Fall of Classicism
At the beginning of the XIX century, classicism with its inherent heaviness began to die off, and it was replaced by a new direction - sentimentalism .