Parychi

Location

33 km northwest of the city of Svetlogorsk , 31 km from the railway station of Svetlogorsk (on the Zhlobin – Kalinkovichi line ) ^[4] , 143 km from the city of Gomel .

Hydrography

Located on the Berezina River (a tributary of the Dnieper ).

Minerals

There are clay deposits nearby.

Roads Bobruisk - Rechitsa and Parichi - Ozarichi . The layout is tight, quarterly. Street orientation: from southeast to northwest and from southwest to northeast. In the south, 2 short streets close to the latitudinal orientation are located. Part of the building is brick, multi-storey.

From Origin to 1918

The Neolithic settlement identified by archaeologists (dated V — III millennia BC, 0.5 km northwest of the village, on the first flood plain terrace on the right bank of the Berezina) indicates human activity in these places from ancient times.

According to a written source, Parichi has been known since 1639 as a village , the center of the state “court” (estates) in the Bobruisk headquarters of the Rechitsa district of the Minsk Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth ( Polish. Parycze ). We were in the “Trok half” of the elder (from the name of the town of Troki, modern Trakai in Lithuania ), had 20 plots of land ^[5] . We stood on the Bobruisk- Chernihiv highway.

Since 1793, as a result of the II partition of the Commonwealth - in the Russian Empire , the center of the volost of Bobruisk district of the Minsk province . Since 1797, it was the possession of Admiral P.I. Pushchin and his descendants. There was a temple , which in 1798 was transferred from Greek Catholicism to Orthodoxy . In 1800, in the town of Parichi - 111 peasants and 18 gentry ^[6] .

During the Patriotic War of 1812, near Parichy, clashes between the Russian troops of General F.F. Ertel and the French army (mainly with the Polish corps of J. Dombrowski ) took place. For some time the 4th cavalry regiment of the French troops was stationed here.

In 1819, Senator I. Pushchin, instead of the old, built a new wooden building on the brick foundation of the Holy Spirit Church (metric books have been stored since 1801). Since 1822 there was a women's school of the spiritual department, and in 1839 a parish school was opened for rural children.

In 1845, sugar production began and the distillery began to operate. The high trading activity in Parichy is evidenced by the fact that in 1861 goods worth 54,250 rubles were sold at the fair, which significantly exceeded the performance of many other towns and cities.

In 1863, a church was erected in the name of St. Mary Magdalene Equal to the Apostles School of the Spiritual Department (church buildings were not preserved) ^[7] .

In 1865, a rope manufacturing enterprise was established. The possessions of landowner M. Pushchina in 1872 amounted to 13,918 acres of land. In 1881, the brick building of the women's school was built, a little later - the wooden building of the hospital. In 1883, the production of tar began. In 1885, 28 villages with 683 yards entered the Parisk parish.

In 1886, a parish school began work and a building was built for it. There were 2 churches, 6 Jewish prayer houses, a hospital, a school, a post station, a tannery, a distillery, 2 water mills, 101 shops.

According to the census of 1897, there were 2 chapels, 5 Jewish prayer houses, 75 shops, a pharmacy, 2 inns, a tavern, a tavern, 2 public schools, a female church of the spiritual department, and a rural hospital. The distillery was a distillery. There was a postal and telegraph office and a loan and savings partnership. The main item of trade in the town was the forest. A pier was operating on Berezina.

In December 1917, the Polish officer Goltz (during the rebellion of the corps of I. Dovbor-Musnitsky ) hanged several peasants without trial.

From 1918 to the present

Since March 25, 1918, Parichi - in the proclaimed Byelorussian People's Republic ; from January 1, 1919 - in the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic , from February 27, 1919 - in the Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic , from July 31, 1920 - again in the BSSR, which was part of the USSR from December 30, 1922 to December 26, 1991, with September 19, 1991 - Republic of Belarus.

In the summer of 1918, during the German occupation, the townspeople created a partisan detachment (leader V. Kabanovich). In the farm in the early 1920s, the Red Flag state farm was organized.

In 1921, the Minsk province was liquidated, and its counties (including Bobruisk) began to enter directly into the BSSR. On August 20, 1924 volosts (including Parichskaya) and counties were liquidated. From July 17, 1924, the town of Parichi is the center of the educated district , which is part of the Bobruisk district (existed until July 26, 1930 ), and then: from February 20, 1938, to Polesskaya , from April 20, 1944, to Bobruisk , from January 8 1954 - to the Gomel region.

In 1925, most of the inhabitants were Jews (in 1926 - 71.4%). There were 2 steam mills, a power station, a telephone exchange, and a 7-year-old school. In October 1929, the Oktyabr collective farm was organized, a creamery (since 1932), a printing house, a steam mill, a sawmill, metalworking, knitwear (36 workers in 1932), tailoring, shoe and furniture (54 workers) in 1932 were operating , resin factory, starch plant, forge, industrial complex. A district newspaper was published (since 1932). In 1932, the first Minsk - Glusk -Parychi- Mozyr transport airline was opened in Belarus, and the place began to receive transport aircraft.

On September 27, 1938, the towns as the official type of settlements were abolished; Paričy town has been transformed into an urban village.

During the Great Patriotic War on June 26, 1941, a fighter battalion was created (commander M.I. Troyan), which on June 28, 1941 destroyed a group of saboteurs who tried to burn the bridge across the Berezina. At the beginning of July 1941, German troops captured Parichi, but the local and Rechitsa fighter detachments, together with units of the Red Army, knocked out the enemy on July 12, 1941 and held the village until the end of July. On October 18, 1941, the occupiers shot 872 Jews (buried in the grave of the victims of fascism, 1.5 km from Parichy), and all the Nazis killed 1,700 during the occupation. There was a patriotic underground (leader I. I. Evdokimov). From September 1943 to July 1944 at the village of the partisan brigade No. 99 named after Gulyaev, under the command of V.K. Yakovenko , a guerrilla war was fought. The district center Parychi was liberated on June 26, 1944 by units of the 105th Rifle Corps ( 75th Guards Rifle Division ) with the support of the 17th Panzer Brigade of the 1st Panzer Corps and the Dnieper Military Flotilla with the participation of partisans. In the battles for the liberation of Parichy and surrounding villages, 877 Soviet soldiers died in 1943–44, including Hero of the Soviet Union N. A. Leukhin (buried in a mass grave in a park on the banks of the Berezina).

On June 9, 1960, the center of the district was moved to the town of Shatilki, on July 29, 1961, the village of Shatilki was converted to Svetlogorsk, and the Parichsky district was renamed Svetlogorsk ^[8] . In Parichy, a village council was formed. On December 1, 2009, 14 villages (the abolished Kozlovsky Village Council) were also included in its territory.

The industrial complex, the building materials factory, the brick, canning, fruit and vegetable plants, the private unitary agricultural enterprise Svetlogorsk Agrohimservis, OJSC Agropromtekhnika, the agrochemical laboratory, 3 small enterprises, forestry, the post office , the workshop for the regional consumer services factory, are located music school, interschool educational-industrial complex, 3 preschool institutions, a house for children and youth creativity, a house of culture, 2 libraries, a hospital. Around - the lands of the communal agricultural unitary enterprise "Parichi" (the center is in the village of Kozlovka ).

Strength

• 2016 - 1833 people ^[2] .

Dynamics

• 1639 - 43 houses, 239 residents.
• 1848 - 250 yards.
• 1866 - 265 yards.
• 1897 - 442 yards, 3884 inhabitants ^[9] , in the farm - 91 inhabitants (according to the census).
• 1908 - 520 yards, 4485 inhabitants.
• 1925 - 643 households.
• 1999 - 780 yards, 2800 inhabitants.
• 2004 - 2400 people.
• 2006 - 2,300 people.

• Demikhovsky, David Veniaminovich (1899-1938) - Soviet party and economic leader.
• Mickiewicz, Nikolai Antonovich (1901-1954) - theater director, Honored Artist of the BSSR.
• Roginsky, Simon Zalmanovich (1900-1970) - physicist-chemist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences .
• Trizna, Nikolai Alexandrovich (1896-1941) - an active participant in the First World War, Civil and Great Patriotic War.
• Shklovsky, Grigory Lvovich (1875-1937) - member of the revolutionary movement in Belarus, party and statesman ^[17] .
• A. Lezhnev (real name Abram Zelikovich Gorelik, 1893 - 1938) - Soviet critic, literary critic. Uncle Gabriel Gorelik. Member of the literary group "Pass".
• Shvig, Zviya ( צביה שוויג ) (1996-1905) - Israeli teacher.
• Hodosh, Meir ( מאיר חדש ) (1989–1898) - Israeli rabbi.
• Lesun, Anatoly Fedorovich (b. 1959) - head of the Gorky Railway .

• Zdudic stone cross (no later than the 14th century)
• Hospital building (wooden, 2nd half of the 19th century)
• The building of the female school (1881)
• Timber house (early 20th century)

• Towns of Belorussia

• Garady and Belarus Belarus: Encyclapedia. T. 2, book. 2. Gomel oblast / S.V. Marzeleў; Redlegal: G.P. Pashkoў (halogen redactar) і інш. - Mn .: BelEn, 2005. - 520 p., Il. ISBN 985-11-0330-6 ISBN 985-11-0302-0 (Belarusian)

• Information portal of the town of Parichi.
• Parichi on the banks of the Berezina , the head of "LEHAYM! or Chaim on a Horse ”, Gennady and Yefim Goreliki, InterSamIzdat, 2009.
• Petukhov A.V. Parytsky regіyon on materials of the family of the Pushchins Foundation at the IRLI RAS: yes, history of the foundation. (belor.)