Yagorlyk (village)

The village (more precisely, its unfilled remains in the form of 6 houses near the Yagorlytsky Gulf of Dubossary Reservoir ) is located on the Yagorlyk River 13 km north of Dubossary (or 10 km from the outskirts of Dubossary). The former village was almost completely flooded by the Dubossary reservoir in the 1950s during the construction of the Dubossary hydroelectric station . Local residents were resettled in with. Doibany-2 . Included with the village of Goian in the Goian village council, subordinate to the city council of Dubossary . The population of 8 people ( 2005 ), the number of houses 6.

Paleolithic. Eneolithic. Tipol culture. Chernyakhov culture

Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Polish-Turkish Wars of the 15th-16th Centuries

Yagorlyk was founded in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania after the Battle of the Blue Waters , as well as the events of 1365, when the Moldavian principality gained independence from Hungary, having expelled the Golden Horde from the Dniester south of the Yagorlyk river.

By the time of the conclusion of the Krevo Union in 1385, the mouth of the Yagorlyk River was the border between three states: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Golden Horde and the Principality of Moldova . Yagorlyk, as a border fortification, apparently already existed by that time.

During the Polish-Turkish war (1485-1503), the Ottomans were stopped by the Yagorlyk River. Residents of Yagorlyk participated in anti-feudal Bratslav and Vinnitsa revolts in 1541 and 1560.

During the Union of Lublin in 1569, the lands north of the Yagorlyk River moved away from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to a single federal state known as the Commonwealth . In the 16th century, Jagorlyk gains importance as the Polish border fortification on the Polish-Turkish-Moldavian border on the Yagorlyk river against the Crimean Tatars and Turks.

For a long time it served as a meeting place for Turkish and Polish representatives to analyze border disputes, after which it received the second Crimean-Turkish name Kainard ^[3] .

Zaporizhzhya and Crimean raids

In 1583 , a wooden castle, built by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to control the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks , was devastated by the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, who returned from the end of the Livonian War and took advantage of the turmoil in the neighboring Moldavian Principality during the return of the ruler of Moldova, Peter VI Lroma to the throne. After that, the territory around Yagorlik (Kainarda) becomes the subject of disputes between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Crimean Khanate and passes from hand to hand after the raids of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks on the lands of the Crimean Khanate in 1584-1586 and the response raids and Ackerman campaign of Islam II Gerai in 1586-1588 . The confrontation in the disputed territories continued during the reign of the Crimean Khan of Gaza II Gerai Buri in 1588-1607.

During the Cossack anti-Polish uprising and the campaign of Severin Nalivaik in Moldova in 1594, the fortifications of Yagorlik were again destroyed by the Cossacks, but after 1607, he himself came under the rule of the Crimean Khanate with the support of Turkey. Its material remains, apparently, are buried under a layer of land under the Goian bay of the Dubossary reservoir between the villages of Goian and Rogi ). Poland eventually transferred the fortifications 7 miles north up the Dniester to its territory just north of the modern village of Garmatskoye ^[4] to rocky caves and indentations covered with forests, reinforcing them with “harmonica” (cannons) and making it one of the centers of the registered Cossacks .

17th Century Polish-Turkish Wars

Since 1633, Kainarda again returned to the Commonwealth , went to the princes of Lubomir and received the modern name Yagorlyk. Anti-Ottoman-minded locals returned from under the village of Garmatskoye . In 1648, Yagorlyk became part of the Ukrainian state Bogdan Khmelnytsky as part of the Volshansk hundreds of the Bratslav regiment . In the village was a Cossack garrison. Since 1650, it became the village of the Yagorlytsky hundreds of created Chechelnitsky regiment ^[5] .

In 1667, on the map of Poland (issued in London), Yagorlyk still appears on the site of the current Yagorlytsky Gulf of Dubossary reservoir, as a Turkish fortress city with two names (with the Cossack name Yorlik and the Tatar name Kaynard). After the peace of Buchach in 1672, Yaorlik was again part of the Ottoman Empire and again became known as Kaynard. Here stood a pillar of carved stone, which was installed on the border between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire in 1699 after the signing of the Karlovitsky Peace , when Kainard was returned to the Commonwealth. At the end of the 17th century, the fortified city of Yaorlik-Kaynard was burned during the 1694 campaign of the Polish-Turkish war of 1683-1699 .

17th Century Russian-Turkish Wars

In 1737, during the war of 1735-1739, which took place between Turkey and the Union of Russian and Austrian empires in connection with the outcome of the war for the Polish inheritance , as well as the incessant raids of the Crimean Tatars on southern Russian lands, during the siege of Ochakovo, the rebellious Cossack city was burned down by the Turks but was reborn in 1769 two miles south of the site of the modern village of Goian , where it is indicated on the map of 1770 under the two names Orlik (Yagorlyk).

The capital of Ottoman Khan Ukraine, the city of Dubossary ( Tatar-Kainar and Tatar-Anefkan ) was burned to the ground twice with the neighboring villages by Ukrainian Haidamaks in 1758 and 1768. (during the Gaidamak uprisings of 1734-1768 (including during the period of koliivschina , when units of Vasily Shilo , an associate of Maxim Zheleznyak , operated between the cities of Uman , Balta , Dubossary).

Then, already in the next 1769, the remains of the capital of Khanate Ukraine , Dubossary ( Dubresary , Dubrelary ), together with the surrounding villages 5 versts ^[6], were burnt by the Russian commander S. G. Zorich . Thus, from 1775, Yagorlyk became the northern border rate (on the Turkish-Polish-Moldavian border) of the capital of the Turkish Gatman of Khan Ukraine ^[7] . As a result of the subsequent Russian-Turkish war, Yagorlyk became part of the Commonwealth and belonged to the princes of Lubomir. There was a Cossack garrison in the village, but the importance of the town is constantly falling due to the increasing role of the neighboring city of Tombasar , which has turned into the capital of Khan's Ukraine. During the Russo-Turkish wars of the late 18th century, the Greek priest Yaniy ^[8] acted in Yagorlyk as a confidant of Russian intelligence.

As part of the Russian Empire, USSR, PMR

After the partition of Poland in 1792, the village of Yagorlyk became part of the Russian Empire and for a short time became a state town, then a village. In 1802, the town had 34 yards and 115 people.

In 1826-1924 , the village was part of the Tiraspol district of Kherson province , in 1924-1940 it was part of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (part of the Ukrainian SSR ). In 1940 - 1991 - as part of the Moldavian SSR , since 1991 - as part of the PMR .

• Yagorlyk on "Dubossary - our city"
• Jahorłyk (Polish) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic countries , Volume III (Haag - Kępy) of 1882