Al-Abbas ibn Saeed al-Jawhari (first half of the 9th century ) is a native of Farab in present-day South Kazakhstan, a mathematician and astronomer . He worked at the “ House of Wisdom ” in Baghdad at the same time as al-Khwarizmi .
| Al-abbas al-jawhari | |
|---|---|
| personal information | |
| Birth name | Al-abbas ibn saeed al-jawhari |
| Nickname | al-Jawhari |
| Profession, occupation | , , |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| A country | |
| Religion | |
| Father | Saeed Al-Jawhari |
| Scientific activity | |
| Area of activity | and |
| Employer | |
| Proceedings | Book of comments on the book of Euclid; A treatise on determining the distance from the center of the earth to the sun; Zij et al. |
Content
Biography
Together with Yahya ibn Abu Mansour , al-Marvarrudi and Sanad ibn Ali participated in astronomical observations in Baghdad ( 830 ) and Damascus ( 833 ), on the basis of which the “Zij al-Mamuna, verified” was compiled. Together with the same astronomers, he participated in determining the length of the 1 ° arc of the earth’s meridian on the Sinjar plain.
Al-Jawhari wrote a series of comments on the "Beginnings" of Euclid . He attempted to construct a theory of proportions based on the definition of equality of relations as equality of partial quotients when applying the Euclidean algorithm to both relations.
Al-Jawhari made an attempt to prove the fifth postulate of Euclid, as reported by Nasir al-Din at-Tusi . The basis of this proof is the implicit assumption that if, at the intersection of two lines of the third, the right angles are equal, then this should also be the case when the same lines intersect any line. In the process of proving the fifth postulate, al-Jawhari proves the theorem that through any point inside the corner one can draw a straight line intersecting both sides of the corner. This last statement implicitly laid the foundation of his evidence in Legendre in 1800 .
Proceedings
- Additions to the fifth book of the "Beginnings" of Euclid;
- Improvement of the book "Beginning";
- Book of comments on the book of Euclid;
- The book of sentences that he added to the first book of the "Beginnings" of Euclid;
- A treatise on determining the distance from the center of the earth to the sun;
- Zij [1] .
Notes
- ↑ Matvievskaya, 1983 .
Literature
- Matvievskaya G.P. , Rosenfeld B.A. Al-Abbas al-Dzhauhari // Mathematicians and astronomers of the Muslim Middle Ages and their works (VIII-XVII centuries) / Otv. ed. Yushkevich A.P. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- Prince. 2. Mathematicians and astronomers whose lifetime is known. - S. 46-47. - 650 s. - 2000 copies.
- Matvievskaya G.P. The doctrine of number in the medieval Near and Middle East. - Tash. : Fan, 1967.
- Rosenfeld B.A., Yushkevich A.P. Theory of parallel lines in the medieval East. - M .: Science, 1983.
- Rosenfeld B.A. Astronomy of the countries of Islam. // Historical and astronomical research. - 1984. - No. 17. - S. 67—122.
- de Young G. Al-Jawhari's additions to Book V of Euclid's Elements. // Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften. - 1997 - 11. - S. 153—178.