Gnazno

Gniezno is one of the oldest cities in the country, its appearance attributed to the end of the VIII century. Archaeological excavations have been carried out here since 1936. Cultural layers of the 8th — 13th centuries with wooden-earthen fortifications, log houses with stoves, stoves, and household buildings were discovered. Many materials on the history of culture, crafts and trade of ancient Poland were obtained.

Around 940, the fortified residence of princes of the Piast clan was built on the mountain of Lech on the site of the center of the pagan worship of the Slavic settlement existing in the VIII - IX centuries ^[1] .

In the 10th century, Gniezno was the capital of an ancient Polish state , the main center of the so-called Pyastovsky route, connecting places connected with the beginning of the formation of an ancient Polish state. Here began the process of uniting the Slavic tribes, completed by Prince Meshko I - the first historically accurate ruler of Poland, the founder of the Piast dynasty . He also introduced Christianity to Poland; The first Polish archbishopric was formed precisely in Gniezno. At that time, the city was a major craft center and led extensive trade with the Arab East, maintained constant trade relations with Kiev ^[2] .

Since the year 1000, Gniezno is the cathedral city of the archdiocese, the place of coronation (until the XIV century) of Polish kings. In the year 1000, Gniezno hosted a meeting between Boleslav the Brave and the Emperor Otto III , at which the question of the independence of the new state and subsequently the adoption of the royal title by Boleslav was resolved ^[2] .

The personality of St. Gniezno is closely connected with the city . Wojciech (Adalbert) - Bishop, missionary and martyr, who is the patron saint of the city.

From 1793, Gniezno was part of Prussia (except for the period 1807–1815, when it belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw ).

Since 1918 the city is part of Poland.

Gothic churches - the Virgin Mary (c. 1342-1415); from the pre-Romanesque church of the X century and the Romanesque church of the XI century, ceramic floor tiles are preserved, until 1038, and the famous “ Gnieznenskiye gates ”, bronze, around 1170; Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque chapels and gravestones, including the tombstone of Z. Olesnitsky, marble, 1495, sculptor Veit Stoss ), St. Yana (XIV century., Frescoes 1340-60); Franciscan church and monastery (XIII century., rebuilt in the XVII-XVIII centuries.).

In Gniezno, there are about fifty large enterprises and industrial enterprises; small group are also small businesses. The main business entities of the city are such enterprises as: NB Polska - VELUX - manufacturer of fittings and roofing windows, Panasonic Energy Poland SA - the largest in Europe and the only manufacturer of zinc carbon batteries in Poland.

•   Russia : Sergiev Posad (since 2007 )
•   Ukraine : Uman
•   Netherlands : Wendam

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  Cathedral

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  Arch cathedral in Gniezno

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• Gniezno w zaraniu dziejów w świetle wykopalisk, red. J. Kostrzewskiego, Poznań, 1939;
• Hensel W., Najdawniejsze stolice Polski. Gniezno. Kruszwica. Poznań, Warszawa, 1960.

• The official page of the city
• Gniezno - Yevgeny Krushelnitsky's Guidebook
• Gniezno Gate
• Gniezno in the magazine World around