Gansu

Gansu is located between the Tibetan Plateau ( Amdo , now Qinghai Province), Uiguria , Mongolia ( Mongolia and Inner Mongolia ) and Sichuan Province. Through the province flows the Yellow River . Most of the territory is occupied by steppes , which turn to the east in the Alashan desert (part of the Gobi ). The total area of ​​the steppe is 16.64 million hectares, the forest area is 4.26 million hectares. On the southwestern border of the province, the Qilyanshan mountains (up to 5 km high) are uplifting. Among animals, traditional goose , Chinese cat

Gansu is one of the most earthquake-prone regions in China. December 16, 1920 there was a major earthquake , which killed up to 200 thousand people ^[1] . In 2010, a landslide occurred in Gansu, causing human casualties ^[2]

In the Neolithic era, Majiao culture was formed here .

During the Bronze Age (II millennium BC. E.), Tribes lived on the territory of Gansu, whose artifacts are similar to samples of Karasuk and Andronovo cultures ^[3] . Their descendants were known to the Chinese chroniclers as di ^[4] . These di lived to the Middle Ages and participated in the creation of the Late Liang .

The ancient population of Gansu is also considered to be (possibly, related di) Caucasoid nomads of Usun , as well as Yuezhi (known in the West as Tochars ), which were still in the II century BC. er Huns were expelled to Central Asia ^[5] . In 446, the territory of the modern Gansu province falls under the power of the Tabgaches , who begin to implant Buddhism on their subordinate lands ^[6] . Tabgaches quickly replace the zhuzhan for a short time, under whose authority the core of the ancient Asur Turks was formed in Gansu, which became a fact of history by the middle of the 6th century ^[7] . In the 9th century, the Uighurs migrated here from Mongolia, who created their own state here. In the XI century, the Uygur hegemony was overthrown by the Tangut who established the Xi Xia State. In 1227, the province became part of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan, later transformed into the Yuan Empire. In 1275, the traveler Marco Polo visited the province, visiting the city of Dunhuang .

Gansu was separated from Shaanxi into a separate province only during the Qing Empire, in the 1660s.

In the 19th century, the Dungan uprising swept the province. The uprising was crushed, but some of the rebel leaders were incorporated into the Manchu, and then the Chinese elite as Cli Ma , becoming the support of the Kuomintang .

In 1928, the regions that formed Qinghai and Ningxia provinces were separated from Gansu. After the formation of the People's Republic of China, Ningxia Province was again annexed to Gansu Province in 1954. Then, part of the land of the former Ningxia province was transferred to the newly formed Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia , and in 1958 the Ningxia-Hui Autonomous Region was separated from Gansu Province.

Despite the predominance of the Chinese population, Gansu is a multinational province where there are two autonomous districts: for the Huizu or Dungan minorities ( Linxia-Hui Autonomous Region ) and Tibetans ( Hannan-Tibet Autonomous Region ). Türkic-speaking Uygurs and salars , as well as Mongolian Dongxians (Muslim Mongols), Bao'an and Mongory, also reside here.

Gansu Province is divided into 12 urban districts and 2 autonomous districts .

Under arable land about 11% of Gansu territory. Wheat crops (40% of the planted area), as well as millet , gaolian, corn, barley, of industrial crops - sugar beet, tobacco , cotton . In the mountains, green tea has been grown since ancient times ^[8] . There is a collection of medicinal plants. Nomadic cattle breeding prevails ( sheep , in addition, cattle and yaks , camels , horses).

The province has petrochemical enterprises ( Lanzhou ) ^[9] . 29 hydroelectric power plants were built on the Yellow River , one of the world's largest wind power complex is located in the region. Non- ferrous metallurgy is actively developing, zinc plants are being built ^[10] .

The province is one of the most multicultural regions of China. There is a strong influence of Islam ( Hui and other Muslim peoples of China), Tibetan Buddhism , Han culture.

There are significant Buddhist centers in the province: Mogao Caves and Labrang Monastery.

Jiuquan cosmodrome (founded in 1969 ) ^[11] is located on the territory of the province, in the Gobi Desert , from which territory Shenzhou missiles are regularly launched

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  The main hall of the temple of Lan Lanzhou.

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  Chenghuangshen Temple (City of God) Lanzhou

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  Nanhua Amituo Fo Temple of Chinese Buddhism

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  Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Gannan

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  Country Temple in Linx

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  Arch of Fuxi Temple in Tianshui

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  Mogao Grottoes

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  Mogao

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  Crescent Lake

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  Silk paintings (Dunhuang)

• Gansu - information about the territory, population and history of changes in the administrative-territorial division on the website 行政 区划 网(whale.)