Michael Gold (also Mike Gold , English Michael Gold ; real name and surname Itzik (Yitzhok, Isaac) Granich ; April 12, 1894 , New York - May 14, 1967 , Terra Linda , California ) - American writer , critic and journalist.
| Michael gold | |
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| Michael gold | |
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| Birth name | Itzik (Itzhok, Isaac) Granich |
| Date of Birth | or |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| A place of death | |
| Citizenship (citizenship) | |
| Occupation | prose writer , poet , journalist , critic |
| Language of Works | English |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Works
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
Biography
Itzik (Yitzhok) Gold was born into a family of Jewish immigrants from Bessarabia on the Lower East Side of Manhattan . His father - Chaim Granich - was a house painter who remained crippled as a result of a fall from scaffolding; after an unsuccessful attempt to tailor male suspenders, he was forced to support four children with petty street trading; mother - Hitle Schwartz (married Granich) - was a housewife [2] . Michael Gold's brother, Max (Manny) Granich (1896-1987) - leader of the US Communist Party . At school, Gold changed his name to Irving, then to the more Americanized Irwin, and only a few years after the start of his journalistic career, in 1921, he took the pseudonym Michael Gold.
He changed many professions. Participated in the left political movement of the United States . He began his literary work in 1916 . In February 1921, in the journal Massis (see en: The Masses ) he published a programmatic article, “For Proletarian Art”. After the ban, the magazine became one of the editors of the Libererator (see en: The Liberator (magazine) ) [3] . He took part in the conference of revolutionary writers of the world in Kharkov in 1929 and in the Congress for the Protection of Culture in Paris in 1935, where he met with Isaac Babel . He was an employee and then editor of the New Massis magazine (see en: The New Masses ). His article “Gertrude Stein: Literary Idiot” ( Gertrude Stein: A Literary Idiot ) published in the journal became famous. As a member of the US Communist Party, he regularly wrote for the Daily Worker .
The autobiographical book “Jews Without Money” ( Jews Without Money [4] , 1930; in the Russian translation of “The Jewish Poor”, 1931), translated into 14 languages during the author’s lifetime, marked the beginning of the “American proletarian novel”. He published a collection of short stories and poems “120 Million” ( 120 Million , 1929), a collection of journalistic works “Change the World!” ( Change the World! [5] [6] , 1936), a collection of articles “ The Hollow Men” [ 7] , 1941), a series of poems "Spring in the Bronx " ( Spring in the Bronx , 1952). Among other works - the play “Battle Hymn” ( Battle Hymn , 1936, together with Michael Blankfort, in the Russian translation of “John Brown”, 1937), praising the fighter for the abolition of slavery John Brown [8] and the first monograph on the work of David Burliuk “ David Burliuk: artist-researcher, father of Russian futurism ”( David Burliuk: Artist-scholar, Father of Russian Futurism , 1944).
After the death of the writer, artist Alice Neal created the painting “In Memory of Michael Gold” (“Mike Gold in Memoriam”, 1967).
Works
- Gold Michael. Damned agitator. Per. from English Mark Volosov . M., "Nedra", 1925. - 185 p.
- Gold Michael. 120 million. Per. from English M. Volosova. The cover is thin. A.M. Surikova. M.-L., Earth and Factory, 1930 .-- 184 p., Ill.
- Gold M. Jewish Poor. Per. from English M. Volosova. M.-L., State Publishing House of Fiction, 1931. - 308 p.
- Gold Michael, Literature of Modern America. // "Literature of the world revolution", 1931, No. 4.
- Gold Michael. East Side. M., Young Guard, 1932.
- Gold Michael. Proletarian and revolutionary literature of America (From the transcript of the II conference of revolutionary writers of the world). In: Literature of the World Revolution. [Sat]. M.-L., 1932 .-- S. 170-171.
- Zenkevich M., Kashkin I. Poets of America of the XX century Anthology. M., 1939.
- Gold Michael. Miner (short story, translation by N. Emeliannikova). In: Stories of American Writers. Compiled by N. Samokhvalov. M., State Publishing House of Fiction, 1954.
- US Poetry: Compilation. Translations from English. Sost, intro., Article, comment. A. Zvereva. M., Fiction, 1982. (US Library of Literature). - S. 578-582.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 119089548 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Sanford Sternlicht. The Tenement Saga: The Lower East Side and Early Jewish American Writers. Terrace Books, 2004 .-- P. 111.
- ↑ Romanova E. Gold, Michael. In: US Writers. Brief creative biographies. M., Rainbow, 1990 .-- S. 107-108.
- ↑ Michael Gold . Jews Without Money Full text at the Internet Archive
- ↑ Michael Gold . Change the World! Full text at the Internet Archive
- ↑ Walt Carmon . Gold Against the (Bourgeois) World. The New Masses, Feb. 9, 1937.
- ↑ Samuel Sillen . The Merchants of Alibis. The Hollow Men, by Michael Gold. The New Masses, May 6, 1941.
- ↑ Gilenson B. Gold, Michael // Brief Literary Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. A.A. Surkov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1962-1978. T. 2.M., 1964.
Literature
- Brief Encyclopedia of Literature. M., 1964.V.2. S.223-224.
- Tushinskaya T., Khorolsky V.V. The journalism of Michael Gold and the tradition of "dirt rakers" // In the collection: Communication in the modern world Materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference "Problems of mass communication". edited by V.V. Tulupov. 2010.S. 95-96.
- Slavina Z. M. Michael Gold and his journalistic works of 1959-1964 (Based on the material of the newspaper “The Worker” - the central organ of the US Communist Party) // Scientific notes of the Omsk Pedagogical Institute.-1968.-Issue.32. S.26-43.
- Slavina Z. M. Michael Gold in Soviet and Foreign Criticism // Scientific notes of the Omsk Pedagogical Institute.-1969.-Issue 52.-S.91-113.
- Eishiskina N. A new stage in the work of Michael Gold. // International literature . 1933, No. 5, p. 119-123.
- Carmon W. Michael Gold and New Masses 1911-1916-1941. // International literature. 1941. No. 5.
- Rachel Rubin Jewish Gangsters of Modern Literature. University of Illinois Press, 2000-189 c.
- Bloom, James. Left Letters: The Culture Wars of Mike Gold and Joseph Freeman. Columbia University Press, 1992.
- Pyros, John. Mike Gold: Dean of American Proletarian Literature. New York: Dramatika, 1979.
- Barry Gross, "Michael Gold (1893-1967)," The Heath Anthology of American Literature, ed. Paul Lauter, 5th editio