Carolina Lucretia Herschel ( German: Caroline Lucretia Herschel ; March 16, 1750 , Hannover , January 9, 1848 , ibid.) - Anglo-German astronomer, younger sister and assistant of the famous English astronomer and optics William Herschel (1738 —1822). Made a series of astronomical discoveries, editor and compiler of the star catalog, complementing the well-known catalog of celestial bodies " Historiacoelestis Britannica ", or " Flamsteed Designations " ("British History of the Sky", or " Flemstid Signs ") (1725) of the royal astronomer J. Flemsteed (1646— 1719). Her contribution to astronomy was recognized by the UK government, awarded the Gold Medal (1828) and honorary membership (1835) of the Royal Society of Astronomical London . She was elected an honorary member of the Irish Royal Academy of Sciences (1838).
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| Scientific field | Astronomy |
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| Known as | comet researcher; first woman to be recognized as an astronomer |
| Awards and prizes |  Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1828) |
| Site | Caroline lucretia herschel |
Biography
She was born in the family of a Jewish musician who sought to give her children a musical education, was the ninth child in the family. In 1772, at the invitation of her elder brother, William Herschel arrived in England and for the remaining forty years of his life became her everlasting assistant.
In the first eight years of marriage, while William Herschel was still engaged in music, Caroline acted as a singer in all his musical compositions. As the astronomical studies of Herschel intensified, Caroline became involved in them, assisted Herschel in the observations and kept their records. In her spare time, Carolina Herschel independently observed the sky and, in 1783, she discovered three new nebulae . In 1786, Caroline Herschel discovered a new comet — the first comet discovered by a woman; a few more followed this comet.
After the death of William Herschel in 1822, Carolina Herschel returned to Hannover, but did not leave astronomy. By 1828, she had completed work on a catalog of 2500 star nebulae observed by her brother; in connection with this, the Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain awarded it with a gold medal and in 1835 elected it as an honorary member.
In 1838, Carolina Herschel was elected an honorary member of the Irish Royal Academy of Sciences .
In honor of Carolina Herschel named asteroid (281) Lucretia , discovered in 1888, and a crater on the moon .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 119506610 // General Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 BNF ID : 2011 open data platform .
- ↑ 1 2 Archive for the History of Mathematics McTutor
Literature
- Kolchinsky I.G., Korsun A.A., Rodriguez M.G. Astronomers. Biographical directory. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1977.
- Roberta JM Olson, Jay M. Pasachoff. The Carry of Herschel (1750-1848), Sleuth of the Skies at Slough // Seventh Conference on the Inspiration of the Astronomical Phenomena, INSAP7. - 2010. - arXiv : 1212.0809 .
- Michael Hoskin, 2005. Caroline Herschel as Observer. Journal of Astronomy, Vol. 36, Part 4, No. 125, pp. 373–406 (November 2005).