Gauharshad run , ( Uzbek Gavxarshod begim, گوهرشاد بگيم, Gavharshod run ), (1379-1457) ( Pers. گوهرشاد - Gowhar š ād , meaning: " Joyous emerald " or " Bright emerald " in Persian; ), was a representative of the aristocracy and wife of the youngest son of the emir Timur Shahrukh , ruler in Herat .
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She was the daughter of Ghaz ad-Din Tarhan, an important and influential representative of the nobility of that time. He was from a Turkic tribe of villages . The title of Tarkhan was given to the family personally by Tamerlan.
Among the outstanding sons of Gauharshad, we ran: the famous astronomer Ulugbek and Baysonkur - the founder of the Academy of Arts in Herat. In addition to them, she had a son, Muhammad Juki, and two daughters.
Along with her brothers, who were officials in the Timurid court in Herat, Gauharshad played an important role in the early history of the Timurids.
She and her husband, with their generous patronage of arts, attracted famous artists, architects, philosophers and poets to the court. In this era, the prominent Persian-Tajik poet Abdurahman Jami lived in Herat. By order of Gauharshad Run, an architectural complex was built in Herat, which included a mosque, a madrasah and a mausoleum.
After the death of her husband in 1447 , Gavharshad brought to power one of her grandchildren. For another ten years, she continued to play a large role in the politics of the empire, stretching from the Tiger to the borders of China. Gauharshad was executed on July 19, 1457 , then she was already over 80, by order of the Sultan Abu Said .
The grave of Gauharshad Run is located next to the madrasah that she built, and from which to this day there are only minarets .
The Women's University in Kabul, opened in 2003, is named after Gavharshad.
Gavharshad had its own mosque (" Gauharshad Mosque "), built in 1418 in Mashhad