Salvadorans - the population of El Salvador (in a broad sense). In the narrow sense - the Spanish-speaking people, which currently make up about 96% of the population of El Salvador.
Content
National composition
The overwhelming majority of the country's population are Hispanic Salvadorans, who are racially mainly composed of mestizos - descendants of Spanish settlers who mixed with local Indians , and to a much lesser extent - with negroes brought to work on plantations from the West Indies . Earlier in El Salvador, there were more than a dozen different designations, indicating the percentage of Negro, Indian and European blood - Ladino , Castiso, Espanyolo, Morisco, Albino, Mulato, and so on. Today, only 2 terms are preserved - Ladino, denoting half-breeds in general, and mulattos - descendants of blacks and whites, as well as blacks and indians. The composition of the Hispanic Salvadorans also includes Creoles - descendants of the Spaniards, not mixed with the Indians. Their number does not exceed 8-12% of the population of the country. There are descendants of Christian Arabs from Lebanon and Syria in the country.
In addition to Hispanic Salvadorans, some of the native peoples of El Salvador belong to the native population. First of all, these were the pipili of the Uto-Astek language family , as well as the Lenca Indians (an isolated language, presumably the macro-Chibcha family and the Kekchi from the Mayan family .
Settlement and Dynamics
By the time Europeans arrived, approximately 130,000 Indians lived on the territory of present-day El Salvador. These were mostly Pipili Indians, which, in terms of the level of development of their culture, can be compared to the creators of ancient Indian civilizations, the Aztecs and Mayans. The Spaniards came to Salvador under the leadership of P. de Almagro from the territory of Mexico , having conquered it in 1524-1528 . Throughout the colonial period, the process of mixing the Spanish and Indian people took place, and it continued even after independence was gained by El Salvador.
Population dynamics: 1.07 million (1901) [1] ; 1.4 million (1920) [2] ; 1.7 million (1932) [3] ; 2.8 million (1962) [4] ; 3.98 million (1974) [5] ; 5.1 million (1988) [6] ; 6.9 million (2009) [7] .
The average population density in El Salvador is 318 people per 1 km² ( 2008 ), one of the highest in Latin America . City residents - 42%. The most densely populated western and central parts of the country, in the east, the population is much less. Internal migrations are mainly expressed in relocation from rural to urban areas. Due to the high population density and low land security, many Salvadorans emigrate abroad. Most Salvadorans live in the United States - 1,649 thousand (2010 census).
Hispanic Salvadorans are settled throughout the country. The Pipili Indians, who lived in the XVI-XVII centuries, also throughout the territory of El Salvador, nowadays have retained their language and culture only in some areas - in the area adjacent to the volcanoes Isalco and Panchimalco , as well as around the city of Naupsalco . The Lenca Indians live in the east of the country, and the Kekchi live in the north, along the border with Guatemala .
Languages and religion
The state language in El Salvador is Spanish . Its local dialect has a lot of borrowing from Indian languages, as well as Salvadoran sign language. English is also common in the country. The Indians of El Salvador have lost their languages and speak Spanish in everyday life, although the Pipil language is partially preserved.
The overwhelming majority of the population of El Salvador are Catholics . Along with Catholicism, some Indians get along with relics of their ancient tribal cults.
Notes
- ↑ El Salvador // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 tons. (82 tons and 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ N.V. Kurkov. At the root of the labor movement of El Salvador. // "Latin America", № 2, 1982. pp.123-129
- ↑ Miguel Marmol. Anger and pain of El Salvador: pages of life and struggle. M., "Progress", 1981. p.16
- ↑ S. A. Gonionsky. Essays on the newest history of Latin America. M., "Enlightenment", 1964. p.325
- ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia. / ed. A. M. Prokhorov. 3rd ed. T.22. M., "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1975. pp. 518-521
- ↑ Latin America: A Handbook. / status S. N. Tabunov; under total ed. V.Volsky. M., Politizdat, 1990. p.
- ↑ El Salvador // New York Times of 03/16/2009
Literature
- Der Fischer Weltalmanach 2008. Zahlen-Daten-Fakten, Frankfurt-am-Main
- Brooke S. I. “Population of the world. Ethno-demographic reference book ”, Moscow 1986.
Links
- Languages of El Salvador on Ethnologue
- Joshua Project (all nations, languages, etc.)