Lovchiy is the organizer of the hunt of the great princes and kings in medieval Poland , Lithuania , their federal state , in the Russian kingdom . From the 18th century in Russia, it became known as the Jugger Master (under Peter II [1] ).
Content
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Among the Lithuanian hunters, the highest position was occupied by the great hunter (up to 1569, the outhouse) Lithuanian (Paul: Łowczy wielki litewski, lit .: Lietuvos didysis medžioklis). He was responsible for organizing and conducting hunting at the court of the Grand Duke .
Kingdom of Poland
Among the hunters of Poland, the highest position was occupied by the great crown catcher (Paul: Łowczy wielki koronny, lit .: Karūnos didysis medžioklis), who was in charge of organizing and conducting hunts at the king’s court. Hunters existed in Poland already at the beginning of the XIII century, and at the end of the XIII century were included in the list of state dignitaries.
Russia
The first mention in the "Instructions" Vladimir Monomakh. According to the chronicles, in 1289 the Prince of Vladimir Mstislav Danilovich determined to take the “traps” from the peasants for their treason, that is, the fee in favor of the traps. Professor V.I. Sergeevich (“ Russian Legal Antiquities ”, Volume II) concludes from this that in the 13th century only a few places were considered privileged, free from the collection of “hunters”, that this privilege was abolished for sedition and that it was “more agile” was not the same. He also cites some acts of the 15th — 16th centuries, indicating the existence of duties in favor of the hunters - probably, instead of a natural obligation to participate in the hunt. The trappers differed: hunters, psari, bobrovniki , falconers , sub-rammers, fishermen, underlings ( ice fishing ), non-water hunters. Trapping and falconry as heads of animal crafts are mentioned in the boyar books first since 1509, and second since 1550, although already in 1503 falconry M. S. Yeropkin-Klyapik took part in the Moscow embassy in Lithuania. Since the appearance of the falconer, this position has often been combined in one person with the position of a trapper. People who were not named were appointed to the falconry and trappers, but some of them, starting their service with the hunters, rose to the Duma nobles , Okolichi and even the boyars . Such, for example, are the Naked and the Pushkins who have reached the boyars. Hunters could travel everywhere, feed at the expense of local residents, and demand their participation in the hunt.
See also
- Hunting order
- Tsarist and Grand-Ducal Hunt in Russia
Notes
- ↑ Kutepov N. I. “ Grand-Princely, Czar and Imperial Hunting in Russia ” Volume 3. Late XVII and XVIII Centuries. —1902.
Links
- The article "The Huntsman" in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron