Abashev, Dmitry Nikolaevich

He came from a noble family of the Abashevs - the son of the famous agronomist N. A. Abashev .

In 1851 he graduated from the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University - a student of A. A. Voskresensky .

In 1854 he was appointed senior teacher of natural sciences in the 4th Moscow gymnasium .

In 1858, after defending his master's thesis, he was appointed adjunct in the department of chemistry at Kiev University . In 1859, Abashev was sent for a year and a half abroad with a school goal, in 1862 he retired, but in 1865, with the opening of the Novorossiysk University , he entered there as an assistant professor of agronomy. In 1868, he defended his doctoral dissertation in Kharkov and received his doctorate in chemistry , the following year he was elected to extraordinary, and in 1870 to ordinary professor at the University of Novorossiysk in the Department of Agronomic Chemistry. In 1879 he retired for the second time and soon died.

From 1875 to 1879, he was vice-president of the Imperial Agricultural Society of southern Russia .

In addition to university classes, in 1860-1861, Abashev read public lectures in chemistry in Kiev.

He was buried at the 1st Christian cemetery of Odessa ^[3] .

D.N. Abashev - a pioneer in the study of the solubility of liquids. In the 1860s he worked on issues of agrochemistry and agronomy. Investigated the thermal effects of dissolving a liquid in a liquid; proved the inapplicability to the description of such systems of the Lavoisier - Laplace formula.

In his master’s thesis “Studies on the phenomena of mutual dissolution of liquids” (1858), Abashev, developing in detail the mechanical theory of the mutual solubility of liquids, came to the conclusion that solutions can be called molecular compounds, the mutual solubility of liquids increases with increasing temperature, some liquids “at lower temperatures ... dissolve each other in certain, more or less significant proportions, while the higher ones are mixed in all proportions. "

Later in his doctoral dissertation, On Thermal Phenomena, Detected at the Connection of Liquids (1868), Abashev pointed out that the three pairs of liquids he found obeyed during mutual dissolution the position that he had previously established only theoretically. Abashev's conclusions were confirmed in the studies of D. I. Mendeleev and V. F. Alekseev ^[4] .

His doctoral thesis caused controversy among specialists. When Abashev was nominated for the Department of Agronomic Chemistry of the Novorossiysk University, Kharkov physic chemist Nikolai Nikolayevich Beketov , invited by the university to express his opinion, found that if the author was not lucky enough to discover the exact law of mutual dependence of phenomena, which he chose as the subject of his research, everything - the work of its accuracy and value of individual observations can be called "true-classical work in the field of experimental sciences and can be safely put along with Reigno and other famous scientists. ” The dean of the faculty is the physicist V. Lapshin, while reviewing all the scientific activities of Abashev, pointing out that his master’s thesis “represents, among other things, the discovery of a new and very important general law that relates the phenomena of mutual dissolution of liquids in certain proportions proportions ”and that“ on the basis of this law, Abashev at the same time suggested that there should be such combinations of liquids that represent one of these phenomena at one temperature, and the other at another temperature, ” Lal then remarked that thermochemistry belongs to those extremely complex and difficult to study phenomena for which even famous scientists did not go further than “erroneous or obscure results” and that, therefore, Abashev could not be blamed for the fact that he did not deduce exact laws regarding occupying his phenomena. But it’s very valuable in his work that there are several new and very remarkable observations, such as “a highly important fact for calorimetry that the cooling coefficient of a calorimeter is much larger than its heating coefficient under the same conditions”. Thanks to the new modification of the methods of mixing and determining the heat capacity of liquids he developed, Abashev, according to Lapshin, also managed to make important additions to the laws of Dulong and Petit on the ratio of the heat capacity of compounds to the heat capacity of their components. Finally, “one of the theses of Abashev is also an expression of an important discovery: in his master’s thesis he theoretically led to the assumption that there should be such combinations of liquids that dissolve each other in certain proportions at one temperature and mixed in all proportions. The experience confirmed the validity of this conclusion: Abashev found such combinations of liquids, and in the thesis of his dissertation were named three pairs of liquids representing these phenomena. ”

N. N. Sokolov , a professor of chemistry at the Novorossiysk University , found that Abashev attributed to various authors quoted by him, such as Lavoisier and Laplace, that they did not think at all to say that he fell into contradiction with himself and, poorly following the subject’s literature , made discoveries already made before by others, and that his observations in general are not credible. The analysis of Sokolov made an impression on the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, and Abashev was ballotted. But the council saw in Sokolov’s review a manifestation of personal dislike, and Abashev’s election took place.

• Recherches sur la dissolubilite des liquides (fr.) // Bullet, de la Soc. Imper. des natur. de moscou. - 1857.
• Studies on the phenomena of mutual dissolution of liquids. - M. , 1858. (Master thesis)
• “Chemistry as applied to agriculture and plant physiology” by J. Liebig // Russian. Herald - 1864. - № 7 .
• On Agriculture in England // Russian. Herald - 1865. - № 4 .
• On the thermal phenomena that are detected when combining liquids. - Odessa, 1868.
• Note on the cultivation of forests in the steppe part of the Novorossiysk Territory // Zap. Ob-va rural. households Yuzhn. Russia. - 1871. - Vol. 4 - p . 283-297 .

• Vengerov S.A. Abashev, Dmitry Nikolaevich // Critical-biographical dictionary of Russian writers and scientists (from the beginning of Russian education to the present day) . - SPb. : Semenovskaya type-lit. (I. Efrona), 1889. - T. I. Vol. 1-21. A. - p. 5-7.
• Abashev, Dmitry Nikolaevich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Abashev, Dmitry Nikolaevich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extras). - SPb. , 1890-1907.