Empress Gemmei (Gammyo) (Jap. 元 明天 皇 Gemmei Tenno: April 23, 661 - December 29, 721 ) - the 43rd Empress of Japan, daughter of Tenji , who reigned from August 18, 707 to October 3, 715 [ 1] . The name is Ahe (Abe) [1] . Posthumous titles - Yamato-Neko amatsu-miyo (/ misiro) -toekuni-nari [1] .
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Content
Life Story
Gammei took the throne after the death of her son, Mommu , which was a flagrant violation of any precedents of the succession to the throne. The decree (sammyo) proclaimed at the accession of Gemmei to the throne, in particular, said: “The sovereign uttered [Mommu], our son:“ Our body today is tired, and we wish to get rest, and to overcome the disease. In our post, inherited from the heavenly sun, should be the ruler and rule. Therefore, we concede it. ""
In order to make the decision on taking the title of Empress not to be groundless, she referred to the will of Emperor Tanty: [Tanty], - the laws that with the Sun-Moon last far, the laws are eternal, immutable, which must be adopted and enforced, we all accepted and served with trepidation ”(translated by LM Yermakova).
Apparently, Tancy, to whom Gammey appealed (and whose will we really do not know), proclaimed (or allegedly proclaimed) such an order of succession, in which the emperor himself (or the imperial house as a whole) chose a successor without participation of any other persons. In the future, this establishment of Tanty was repeatedly mentioned when new rulers took the throne. It is interesting that very often the choice fell on women - apparently, as a compromise solution in terms of the relative balance of power within the ruling family.
At the same time, as a measure of protection against intradynamic collisions, a mechanism of abdication in favor of a previously appointed successor was developed. So, Gammei recanted in favor of her daughter, Gensho .
In 710, Empress Gammei founded the city of Heijo-kyo in the Kinki region, intending to place the capital here.
In 712, by order of Gammei, the official imperial chronicle, the Kojiki ("Records of the Acts of Antiquity") was created. In 720 , again by order of Gammei, Nihon Shoki (Annals of Japan) was created - the official imperial chronicle, which is essentially an export version of the Kojiki, written in Chinese on the model of the Chinese chronicles.
Board
The Empress rules under the following mottos : [1]
- Kayun (704-708)
- Vado (708-715)
- Reiki (715-717)
Pedigree
Note: the title of Miko or about: ji ( Jap. 皇子 ) was worn by the sons of the sovereign, princes or princes; title hime-miko , koj: or ojё: ( jap. 皇 女 ) - wore princesses / princesses.
| Furuhito no Oe | Yamato-Hime no Okimi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (38) Emperor Tenji | (41) Empress Zito | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (43) Empress Gammey | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hashihito no Hime Miko | (39) Emperor Kobun | Kadono no Okimi | Ikebe-o | Omi no mifune | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shiki no mico | (49) Emperor Konin | (50) Emperor Kammu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savara-blue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (40) Emperor Tammu | Takati-no mico | Naked but Okimi | Kuwata no Okimi | Isobe-o | Iwami-o | Takasina no Mineo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kusakabe no Mico | (44) Empress Gensho | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Otsu no Miko | (42) Emperor Mommu | (45) Emperor Syomou | (46) Empress Koken (48) Empress Shotoku | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Osakabe no Miko | Kibi naisin | Inohe-naisinno | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Naga no Miko | Funya-no Kiyomi | Ohara-o | Funya no Vatamaro | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mihara no Okimi | Ogura-o | Kiyohara no Natsuno | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Toneri-blue | (47) Emperor Dzyunnin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sadayo-oh | Kiyohara no ario | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Niitabe-sinno | Sioyaki-oh | Hagami-no Kavatsugu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funado o | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 725
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - 806 p. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- History of Japan / Ed. A. E. Zhukova. - Moscow : Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times to 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- (fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon Odai Itiran, or Review of Imperial Rule in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.