The Confederation of Peru and Bolivia is a state in South America that existed from 1836 to 1839 . The Confederation was formed from the states of Peru (divided at that time into the republics of Southern and Northern Peru) and Bolivia . The head of state and the main ideologist of its creation was, at that time, the President of Bolivia, Andres de Santa Cruz . The capital of the state was declared the city of Tacna in modern Peru.
| Confederation | |||||
| Confederation of Peru and Bolivia | |||||
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| Spanish Confederación Perú-Boliviana | |||||
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←  ←  → →May 9, 1836 - August 25, 1839 | |||||
| Capital | Tacna | ||||
| Languages) | Spanish | ||||
| Religion | Catholicism | ||||
| Official language | |||||
Background
The idea of creating a confederate state visited the minds of the leaders of Peru, but did not find support among the leadership of Bolivia, since they were assigned a secondary role. But due to political instability in Peru and the strengthening of power in Bolivia thanks to the efforts of Andrés de Santa Cruz, the situation has changed radically and already the President of Bolivia, Andres de Santa Cruz, dictated his conditions.
Confederation Creation
Following his goal of establishing a confederate state, Santa Cruz, as the president of Bolivia, taking advantage of the instability in Peru, organized several uprisings there. The best opportunity presented itself to Santa Cruz when Peruvian President Luis José de Orbegoso turned to him for help to defeat the rebellious military leader Filipe Santiago Salaverri . Santa Cruz defeated Augustine Gamarra on August 13, 1835 , then, on February 4, 1836, he was defeated and then executed by Filipe Santiago Salaverri . With the incitement of Santa Cruz, two republics of Southern and Northern Peru were founded, which recognized him as Supreme Ruler. He convened a Congress of legislators of the republics and Bolivia, at which on May 1, 1837, the new constitution of the Confederation of Peru and Bolivia was adopted. Under his leadership, an agreement was signed declaring him the Supreme Ruler of the confederation for ten years.
Empowered by significant powers, Santa Cruz tried to establish in Peru the same type of authoritarian rule that he established in Bolivia. He has issued a number of laws, such as a civil code , a criminal code . He carried out tax collection reform and also limited public spending, which led to a significant increase in the welfare of the state as a whole. But the idea of a confederation did not find wide support among the common population, dissatisfied with the dissolution of national identity.
Disintegration of the Confederation
Many of the Peruvian politicians who opposed the idea of confederation were forced to leave for Chile , where they found the support of one of the ministers of the government of Chile. Together they assembled a military expedition, but they were surrounded by troops of Santa Cruz and were forced to surrender. The second expedition was more successful and defeated Santa Cruz in the battle of Yungai on January 20, 1839 , which led to the dissolution of the confederation .
Links
- Luis Portillo. Confederacion Perú-Boliviana . Historia Cultural.